Sports-related concussions are ubiquitous in contact and collision sports at all levels of play and across a broad age range. Once thought to be a nuisance injury, it is now recognized that these brain injuries may lead to chronic neurocognitive impairment if not managed properly. This paper provides a broad overview of the research and clinical data that have emerged in this rapidly growing area. Included in the review are discussions of injury definition, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, epidemiology, potential long-term consequences, assessment, and psychological factors. Issues of prevention and education are discussed in light of further increasing awareness of this injury.
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Emily Kroshus, Sara P.D. Chrisman, Jeffrey J. Milroy, and Christine M. Baugh
potentially long-term morbidity associated with repeated mild brain trauma ( Fidan et al., 2016 ), concussions from sport are increasingly recognized as a public health threat to adolescent populations. One important approach to risk reduction is secondary prevention: ensuring that injured athletes are
Jian Chen, Bruce Oddson, and Heather C. Gilbert
Studies on concussion have largely focused on cognitive and neurological changes of concussed individuals; although these changes have been well documented, 1 – 4 difference in preseason baseline symptoms with uninjured athletes and effect of repeat concussions on symptoms have not been clearly
Kevin M. Guskiewicz and Samuel R. Walton
past decade there have been rising concerns regarding the long-term risks of sport concussions. To this end, a quick PubMed search of “concussion” reveals a stark increase in peer-reviewed literature about this topic, from approximately 100 articles per year throughout the 1990s up to over 1
Eric M. Martin, Megan Byrd, Adriana Amador, Emma Ridenhour, and Carolena Charalambous
Sport concussion management and diagnosis are considered one of the most complicated facets of sport medicine due to the lack of objective symptoms at the time of the injury 1 and the complexity of the brain. 2 Due to these challenges, sport leagues have implemented rules for early detection and
Michael W. Kirkwood, David R. Howell, Brian L. Brooks, Julie C. Wilson, and William P. Meehan III
underlying physiology and pathology. 5 At its most extreme, the phenomenon can be seen in cases of so-called “voodoo death,” in which somebody is told they are cursed and will die and then actually dies. 6 Nocebo and Pediatric Concussion Concussion, a brain injury at the mild end of the TBI spectrum, is
Tracey Covassin, Kyle M. Petit, and Morgan Anderson
Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a public health concern that has received increased research attention over the past decade. This paper is a review of recent literature on SRCs in youth athletes age 5–18 years. We focus on six key areas: concussion overview (e.g., definition, signs
Bridget Davidson, Madyson Anglim, and Richelle M. Williams
Concussions are common injuries, especially in contact and collision sports. 1 Female athletes have a concussion rate double that of their male counterparts in comparable sports. 2 – 4 Specific to elite level soccer, 4%–22% of all injuries are head or neck related. 4 Concussions represent 24% of
Ryan Thomson, Danielle Carabello, Jamie Mansell, and Anne Russ
Clinical Scenario Concussive injuries are common in professional football, as 645 concussions were diagnosed during in the National Football League (NFL) from 2012–2015, 1 for an incidence rate of 0.66 concussions per game. 2 Furthermore, most NFL players report at least one concussion during
Scott L. Bruce and Kyra Dorney
Key Points ▸ Posturing involves multiple presentations following a blow causing a loss of consciousness. ▸ Loss of consciousness has been reported in approximately 10% of all concussions in the football epidemiological evidence. ▸ In approximately one-third of the concussion videos that met our
