Mindfulness has been found to be related to improved athletic performance and propensity to achieve flow states. The relationship between mindfulness and flow has only recently been examined in elite athletes. To build on this literature, we administered the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Dispositional Flow Scale to 92 elite athletes. Psychometric analyses supported the validity of the FFMQ. Males scored higher than females on the FFMQ facet of Nonjudging of Inner Experience. Athletes from individual and pacing sports scored higher on the FFMQ facet of Observing than athletes from team-based and nonpacing sports. Correlations between mindfulness and flow were stronger in athletes from individual and pacing sports compared with team-based and nonpacing sports. Mindfulness correlated with different facets of flow in males compared with females. The results support the use of the five-facet mindfulness construct in elite athletes and suggest the relationship between mindfulness and flow possibly may vary by gender and sport type in this population.
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Steven Love, Lee Kannis-Dymand, and Geoff P. Lovell
, and Wells ( 2015 ) found similar results, with a factor analysis on items of the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30 ( Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004 ) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ( Bohlmeijer, ten Klooster, Fledderus, Veehof, & Baer, 2011 ) revealed a “metacognitive” factor was
Mattia Piffaretti and Benjamin Carr
category). The highest general score is 108 (very high anxiety and low self-confidence) and the lowest general score 27 (very low anxiety and high self-confidence). Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire The FFMQ was developed by Baer et al. ( 2006 ) to measure individual mindfulness. In this context, it
Karin Moesch, Andreas Ivarsson, and Urban Johnson
career (sport, career level), the injury (type and time of injury and surgery), and injury history (previous injuries, if any) were gathered. Mindfulness A Swedish translation of two scales from the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), developed by Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, and Toney
Carol R. Glass, Claire A. Spears, Rokas Perskaudas, and Keith A. Kaufman
of ages and applications, the SWLS has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of satisfaction with life and subjective well-being ( Pavot, Diener, Colvin, & Sandvik, 1991 ). Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Dispositional mindfulness on the 39-item FFMQ ( Baer, Smith, Hopkins
Chunxiao Li, Ngai Kiu Wong, Raymond K.W. Sum, and Chung Wah Yu
questions (i.e., age, gender, and year of study). Mindfulness The validated Chinese version of the 20-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006 ; Hou, Wong, Lo, Mak, & Ma, 2014 ) was used to measure participants’ dispositional mindfulness. The
Linda Corbally, Mick Wilkinson, and Melissa A. Fothergill
Compassion. FFMQ = Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; KIMS = Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Scale; TMS = Toronto Mindfulness Scale; STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory; SAS = Sport Anxiety Scale; CSAI-2 = Competitive State Anxiety Inventory; CSCI = Carolina Sport Confidence Inventory; MPS
