athletes with ID, where the classification of different levels of impairment is fundamental to competition. Within International Paralympic Committee (IPC) competition “classes” are defined which group similar levels of severity of impairment together. This is to “ensure that an athlete’s impairment is
Search Results
Rosanna Gilderthorp, Jan Burns, and Fergal Jones
Danny Christiansen, Casper B.L. Olsen, Frederik Kehler, Anders P. Hansen, Søren Jessen, Peter M. Christensen, and Jens Bangsbo
legal oral supplementation 1 are known to influence performance. Thus, small changes in the athlete’s preparation can have a huge impact on the athlete’s chances of a medal. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the hours before competition
Christian P. Cheung, Joshua T. Slysz, and Jamie F. Burr
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an experimental technique that involves intermittent periods of complete blood flow occlusion and reperfusion of a limb. 1 Whether applied locally or remotely, IPC has been shown to have cardioprotective effects against ischemic–reperfusion injury. 1 , 2 Despite
Kyle M.A. Thompson, Alanna K. Whinton, Shane Ferth, Lawrence L. Spriet, and Jamie F. Burr
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was originally developed to reduce cell necrosis during prolonged periods of ischemia. 1 In addition to the cytoprotective effects of IPC, the stimuli from cyclical periods of localized ischemia, which is similar to the periods of vascular occlusion caused by maximal
Scott Cocking, Mathew G. Wilson, David Nichols, N. Timothy Cable, Daniel J. Green, Dick H. J. Thijssen, and Helen Jones
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) refers to the phenomenon whereby 3 or 4 brief periods of ischemia, followed by tissue reperfusion, confer subsequent tissue protection against ischemic insult. 1 IPC can be applied remotely by placing a blood-pressure cuff around a limb and inflating to suprasystolic
Hannah L. Stedge and Kirk Armstrong
of intensive exercise, such as endurance running or triathlon competition. Athletes attempt to speed their recovery following endurance events in various ways, one of which is through compression. Dynamic compression consists of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices, such as the NormaTec
Bayram Ceylan, Hasan Basri Taşkın, and Jožef Šimenko
Sport professionals constantly search for new training methods that may increase performance. 1 In this context, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been used to improve physical performance. 2 Additionally, IPC was shown to be useful in aiding the recovery processes 3 , 4 via increased blood
Mathias T. Vangsoe, Jonas K. Nielsen, and Carl D. Paton
-up strategies aimed at enhancing high-intensity performance but reducing potential fatigue have been reported in the literature. Specialist warm-up strategies that include ischemic preconditioning (IPC) procedures and postactivation potentiation (PAP) efforts have been reported to improve performance
Amadeo F. Salvador, Rafael A. De Aguiar, Felipe D. Lisbôa, Kayo L. Pereira, Rogério S. de O. Cruz, and Fabrizio Caputo
Although the amount of evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on exercise performance is increasing, conclusions about its efficacy cannot yet be drawn. Therefore, the purposes of this review were to determine the effect of IPC on exercise performance and identify the effects of different IPC procedures, exercise types, and subject characteristics on exercise performance. The analysis comprised 19 relevant studies from 2000 to 2015, 15 of which were included in the meta-analyses. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as the standardized mean difference. Overall, IPC had a small beneficial effect on exercise performance (ES = 0.43; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.51). The largest ES were found for aerobic (ES = 0.51; 90% CI, 0.35 to 0.67) and anaerobic (ES = 0.23; 90% CI, -0.12 to 0.58) exercise. In contrast, an unclear effect was observed in power and sprint performance (ES = 0.16; 90% CI, –0.20 to 0.52). In conclusion, IPC can effectively enhance aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance.
Hawley Chase Almstedt and Zakkoyya H. Lewis
Context:
Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a common therapeutic modality used to reduce swelling after trauma and prevent thrombosis due to postsurgical immobilization. Limited evidence suggests that IPC may decrease the time needed to rehabilitate skeletal fractures and increase bone remodeling.
Objective:
To establish feasibility and explore the novel use of a common therapeutic modality, IPC, on bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip of noninjured volunteers.
Design:
Within-subjects intervention.
Setting:
University research laboratory.
Participants:
Noninjured participants (3 male, 6 female) completed IPC treatment on 1 leg 1 h/d, 5 d/wk for 10 wk. Pressure was set to 60 mm Hg when using the PresSsion and Flowtron Hydroven compression units.
Main Outcome Measures:
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess BMD of the hip in treated and nontreated legs before and after the intervention. Anthropometrics, regular physical activity, and nutrient intake were also assessed.
Results:
The average number of completed intervention sessions was 43.4 (± 3.8) at an average duration of 9.6 (± 0.8) wk. Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a significant time-by-treatment effect at the femoral neck (P = .023), trochanter (P = .027), and total hip (P = .008). On average, the treated hip increased 0.5–1.0%, while the nontreated hip displayed a 0.7–1.9% decrease, depending on the bone site.
Conclusion:
Results of this exploratory investigation suggest that IPC is a therapeutic modality that is safe and feasible for further investigation on its novel use in optimizing bone health.
