On the 50th anniversary of Title IX’s passage, there is much to celebrate. A federal civil rights law that has been credited with profoundly changing education in the United States by barring sex discrimination in the nation’s schools, Title IX along with other equity laws helped to unlock access
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Ellen J. Staurowsky, Courtney L. Flowers, Erin Buzuvis, Lindsay Darvin, and Natalie Welch
Jaime Schultz
Fifty years of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is certainly cause for celebration. 1 This landmark piece of civil rights legislation has influenced the exponential growth of girls’ and women’s sport in the United States, as it has in all areas of education. However, “[u
Carole Oglesby
, the readers, do not have the option of considering a kaleidoscope of viewpoints on these matters. I might be the sole “first person voice” and I want very much to “get it right.” A cursory, and pernicious, interpretation of my critique of some aspects of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
Chadron Hazelbaker and Matthew Martin
The Dilemma Directional University (DU) is a state school that is an NCAA Division I (FCS) member for athletics. During the past 20 years, various self reports and evaluations of athletic programs have led to the awareness for the need to focus on the lack of full Title IX compliance. Currently
Michael A. Odio, Patty Raube Keller, and Dana Drew Shaw
protections they owe their students. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 provides protections for students against sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment, in programs receiving federal financial assistance in the United States ( U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights
Emily Carol Stets
The year 2022 marked a milestone in the women’s equality movement: the 50th anniversary of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. In 37 words, Title IX enshrined protection against sex-based discrimination for women. However, Title IX’s legislative brevity required thorough interpretation to
Karen L. Hartman
negatively affect women’s collegiate athletics and Title IX compliance. In the chaos of COVID-19’s impact on American society and athletic programs, Title IX has become the elephant in the room. It is imperative that commissioners, coaches, and athletic directors as well as communication and sport scholars
Katie Sullivan Barak, Chelsea A. Kaunert, Vikki Krane, and Sally R. Ross
Sport has long been recognized as a gendered and contested terrain ( Messner, 1988 ). Despite passing Title IX, legislation connected to the Education Amendments Act of 1972, sport inequality based in sex and gender is still a problem in the United States. Title IX prohibits public and private
Pamela D. Swan, Carol Ewing Garber, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Monica J. Hubal, Lynda Ransdell, Melinda Millard-Stafford, and Lynn B. Panton
research in the areas of exercise physiology and sports medicine. As the only female among the founders of ACSM, Josephine Rathbone (Teachers College, Columbia University, New York) strongly advocated for women’s physical activity participation long before Title IX ( Title IX and Sex Discrimination, 2021
Susan L. Greendorfer
This paper analyzes the ideological discourse that socializes us into ways of thinking about gender equity and Title IX. My contention is that the ideological principle of equity which underlies Title IX is on a collision course with cultural beliefs that contribute to a patriarchal gender ideology. Socially constructed meanings and beliefs that interpret gender difference as gender hierarchy not only contribute to dominant gender ideology but are also a critical ingredient of the process of socialization. As a cultural process influenced by hegemonic beliefs about gender, we are socialized into values and beliefs anchored in patriarchy that hegemonically construct sport as masculine. Ideologically, Title IX, which is based on feminist notions of equality, challenges these cultural constructions because it allows for alternative readings of sport, masculine bodies, feminine bodies, and the gendered nature of physicality. The discourse of backlash, a component of hegemonic socialization steeped in gender hierarchy, offers resistance to notions of equality (Title IX), which can be viewed as counterhegemonic. In opposition to the symbolic as well as legal challenge of Title IX, which problematizes the organizational culture of sport, the discourse of backlash offers one way of preserving hegemonic gender ideology.
