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Benito J. Velasquez and Jan Drummond
Michael A. Odio, Patty Raube Keller, and Dana Drew Shaw
physical assault, they do not qualify for federal employee protections such as those provided by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 against sexual harassment in the workplace ( Hickman & Thompson, 2013 ; Schoepfer & Dodds, 2010 ). In many cases, students’ degree progress and professional reputation
Chadron Hazelbaker and Matthew Martin
Civil Rights act was passed by congress in 1964. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act not only prohibited employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of race, color, or national origin, but also on the basis of sex ( AAUW, 2018 ). Colleges and universities were included in the law. Other
Emily Carol Stets
The political and social turmoil in the 1960s primed the public’s consciousness of societal discrimination around the passage of Title VI and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act ( 1964a , 1964b ), prompting protections from discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in federally
Amina Haggar and Audrey R. Giles
( Crenshaw, 1989 ). Crenshaw ( 1989 ) presented three Title VII antidiscrimination court cases in the United States in which the claims of Black women plaintiffs were rejected for being too similar to other cases where remedial legislation had been enacted, or too different and therefore excluded from the
Elizabeth A. Taylor, Gareth J. Jones, Kristy McCray, and Robin Hardin
( Benton & Daniel, 1996 ), and although faculty may discuss related topics, such as the legal principles of Title IX or Title VII, issues such as sexual harassment and sexual assault may be omitted because of their sensitive nature ( Evans, Avery, & Velde Pederson, 1999 ). If these topics are not discussed
R. Dale Sheptak Jr. and Brian E. Menaker
.S. labor laws (National Labor Relations Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) related to wage and hours, minimum wage, and the right to collectively bargain greatly increased worker security; as previously mentioned, precarious work is, by definition, any work
George B. Cunningham, Risa Isard, and E. Nicole Melton
discrimination, as afforded by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, included employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and transgender status ( Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2021 ). The ruling impacts all private workplaces with 15 or more employees, state and local government
Ellen J. Staurowsky, Courtney L. Flowers, Erin Buzuvis, Lindsay Darvin, and Natalie Welch
-the-ground implementation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title VII and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Thus they should be educated and supported in their evaluative and implementation roles to support athletic opportunities without
Gwendolyn M. Weatherford, Betty A. Block, and Fredrick L. Wagner
excluded ( Bergvall, 1999 ; Holland & Oglesby, 1979 ), with support from the Equal Pay Act (1963), Title VII (1964), and Title IX (1972). Title IX, with backing from the Department of Health and Welfare, specifically addressed sport opportunity for females in federally-funded programs ( Holland & Oglesby
