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bout) and interruptions of sedentary behavior with at least light physical activity (breaks) ( 3 ). A recent systematic review found inconclusive results regarding the association of breaks and bouts of sedentary behavior with indicators of adiposity among children and adolescents ( 10 ). One out of 6

mediators and modifiers of this association. Intervention studies that promote PA in contact with natural environments and assess the levels of adiposity of participants were also considered to determine whether PA is a moderator of the effectiveness of natural spaces for weight control. We also aim to

There is an abundance of evidence linking excess adiposity to compromised metabolic health and elevated chronic disease risk. However, excess adiposity has been linked to decrements in cognitive performance, along with a higher risk for cognitive decline in older age. 6 , 7 Although the cellular

Excessive adiposity is linked to type 2 diabetes, physical disability, lost production, and quality-adjusted life years ( 55 ). The medical and economic costs of excessive adiposity will surge to $646 billion per year by 2030 ( 55 ). Currently, >33% of youth in the United States are overweight or

reviews also suggest that the influence of changes in objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) on change in adiposity in children and adolescents was unclear. 3 – 5 Only a few previous longitudinal studies have reported on the associations between obesity as a predictor and SB or PA as an outcome

Recent studies have highlighted the existence of previously unrecognized fat depots that are likely to explain part of the increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR) related to obesity ( Karpe & Pinnick, 2015 ; Pandzic Jaksic et al., 2018 ). For instance, neck adipose tissue (NAT) has been shown to

for cardiometabolic disease, such as whole-body adiposity ( 6 , 20 ). However, individuals with severe obesity are underrepresented in clinical exercise studies, often due to orthopedic or other safety concerns (eg, increased shortness of breath), hesitation to push participants to maximal effort, or

) physical activity and adiposity ( Bann et al., 2014 ; Hughes, Frontera, Roubenoff, Evans, & Fiatarone-Singh, 2002 ) and (b) sedentary activity and muscle mass in mid to late life in community-dwelling older adults ( Foong et al., 2016 ). Importantly, adiposity can lead to physical inactivity ( Petersen, Schnohr

from nonmodifiable and modifiable factors, including age, growth, maturity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and adiposity ( 7 , 25 , 40 ). Interventions targeting the modifiable risk factors for arterial changes early in life, such as CRF and adiposity, may be worthwhile strategies for preventing the

these movement guidelines and various health outcomes, such as development, adiposity, and health-related quality of life. 6 , 7 However, very little published data exists for infants and toddlers at the younger end of the age spectrum (<2 y), and the potential associations with health outcomes. 6 , 8