changes experienced in the later part of the second trimester, but plateauing, and even in some cases trending toward improvement before birth. 6 The goals of this current research were to determine how body anthropometry changes during pregnancy and to determine the relationship between anthropometric
Search Results
Anthropometric Changes During Pregnancy Provide Little Explanation of Dynamic Balance Changes
Robert D. Catena, Nigel Campbell, Alexa L. Werner, and Kendall M. Iverson
Skinfold Prediction Equations Fail to Provide an Accurate Estimate of Body Composition in Elite Rugby Union Athletes of Caucasian and Polynesian Ethnicity
Adam J. Zemski, Elizabeth M. Broad, and Gary J. Slater
body composition are surface anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) ( Ackland et al., 2012 ; Zemski et al., 2015 ). Surface anthropometry, which includes the indirect assessment of subcutaneous fat, is an easily accessible, inexpensive, mobile, and robust method of assessment. The
Effect of Trunk Segment Boundary Definitions on Frontal Plane Segment Inertial Calculations
Zachary Merrill, Grace Bova, April Chambers, and Rakié Cham
specific segmentation method used, and these differences are challenging to control for as they depend on obesity, gender, and perhaps other body shapes. Although previous work has shown differences in anthropometry due to gender and obesity, 16 as well as differences between parameter calculation methods
Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes
Adam J. Zemski, Shelley E. Keating, Elizabeth M. Broad, and Gary J. Slater
not previously been explored. Anthropometry is the scientific procedure of acquiring surface anatomical dimensional measurements, including skinfolds, and is an easily accessible, inexpensive, mobile, and robust method of body composition assessment used in rugby union ( Ackland et al., 2012 ; Duthie
Can Anthropometry be Used to Dictate Participant-Specific Thigh Marker Placements Which Minimize Error in Hip Joint Center Estimation?
Jessa M. Buchman-Pearle and Stacey M. Acker
gravity. Finally, participant specificity emerges as soft tissue artifact is not consistent between individuals due to factors such as anthropometry, joint mobility, or muscle recruitment patterns. Moreover, these location, task, and participant-specific factors interact, further complicating the ability
Short-Term Precision Error of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Resistance-Trained Male Athletes
Ava Farley, Gary J. Slater, and Karen Hind
spectroscopy (BIS), and surface anthropometry (SA) ( Meyer et al., 2013 ). Despite differences in technology, resources, and technical expertise required, they are all susceptible to technical error and biological variation ( Ackland et al., 2012 ; Meyer et al., 2013 ), which significantly affects precision
Relationship Between Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Ultrasonography, and Anthropometry Methods to Estimate Muscle Mass and Muscle Quality in Older Adults
Márcio Beck Schemes, Simone de Azevedo Bach, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado, Rodrigo Rabuski Neske, Cláudia Dornelles Schneider, and Ronei Silveira Pinto
anthropometry (AN; Heymsfield et al., 2015 ) are often used in older adults. DXA and US methods are expensive, reducing its access, and images analyses are time-consuming as well. However, AN is a low-cost method and requires less time to perform. The DXA, US, and AN have distinct measurement principles
Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers
Andrew A. Dingley, David B. Pyne, and Brendan Burkett
Purpose:
To characterize relationships between propulsion, anthropometry, and performance in Paralympic swimming.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study of swimmers (13 male, 15 female) age 20.5 ± 4.4 y was conducted. Subject locomotor categorizations were no physical disability (n = 8, classes S13–S14) and low-severity (n = 11, classes S9–S10) or midseverity disability (n = 9, classes S6–S8). Full anthropometric profiles estimated muscle mass and body fat, a bilateral swim-bench ergometer quantified upper-body power production, and 100-m time trials quantified swimming performance.
Results:
Correlations between ergometer mean power and swimming performance increased with degree of physical disability (low-severity male r = .65, ±0.56, and female r = .68, ±0.64; midseverity, r = .87, ±0.41, and r = .79, ±0.75). The female midseverity group showed nearperfect (positive) relationships for taller swimmers’ (with a greater muscle mass and longer arm span) swimming faster, while for female no- and low-severity-disability groups, greater muscle mass was associated with slower velocity (r = .78, ±0.43, and r = .65, ±0.66). This was supported with lighter females (with less frontal surface area) in the low-severity group being faster (r = .94, ±0.24). In a gender contrast, low-severity males with less muscle mass (r = -.64, ±0.56), high skinfolds (r = .78, ±0.43), a longer arm span (r = .58, ±0.60) or smaller frontal surface area (r = -.93, ±0.19) were detrimental to swimming-velocity production.
Conclusion:
Low-severity male and midseverity female Paralympic swimmers should be encouraged to develop muscle mass and upper-body power to enhance swimming performance. The generalized anthropometric measures appear to be a secondary consideration for coaches.
Factors That Affect Selection of Elite Women’s Sculling Crews
Trent W. Lawton, John B. Cronin, and Michael R. McGuigan
Purpose:
There is no common theory on criteria to appropriately select crew rowers in pursuit of small performance gains. The purpose of this study was to establish whether anthropometry, rowing ergometry, or lower body strength were suitable criteria to identify differences between selected and nonselected sculling crews.
Method:
Twelve elite women performed a 2000-m ergometer time trial and a 5-repetition leg-press dynamometer test, were anthropometrically profiled, and participated in on-water national crew seat-racing trials. Log-transformed data were analyzed to compare percent (± SD) and standardized differences in group means (ES; ±90% confidence interval [CI]) between selected and nonselected oarswomen, with adjustments for body mass where appropriate.
Results:
Selected crew boats were 4.60% ± 0.02% faster and won by an average margin of 13.5 ± 0.7 s over 1500 m. There were no differences between crews on average in height, arm span, seated height, body mass, or 8-site skinfold sum (body fat). Difference in 2000-m ergometer times were also trivial (ES = 0.2, 90%CI = −0.6 to 1.1, P = .63); however, selected crews had moderately greater leg-press strength (ES = 1.1, 90%CI = 0.3−1.9, P = .03).
Conclusion:
Selected oarswomen with comparable anthropometry and 2000-m ergometer ability had greater lower body strength. Coaches of elite oarswomen might consider leg strength as part of crew-selection criteria, given acceptable on-water boatmanship and attainment of 2000-m ergometer benchmarks.
Increased Lean Mass with Reduced Fat Mass in an Elite Female Cyclist Returning to Competition: Case Study
Eric C. Haakonssen, David T. Martin, Louise M. Burke, and David G. Jenkins
Body composition in a female road cyclist was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (5 occasions) and anthropometry (10 occasions) at the start of the season (Dec to Mar), during a period of chronic fatigue associated with poor weight management (Jun to Aug), and in the following months of recovery and retraining (Aug to Nov). Dietary manipulation involved a modest reduction in energy availability to 30–40 kcal · kg fat-free mass−1 · d−1 and an increased intake of high-quality protein, particularly after training (20 g). Through the retraining period, total body mass decreased (−2.82 kg), lean mass increased (+0.88 kg), and fat mass decreased (−3.47 kg). Hemoglobin mass increased by 58.7 g (8.4%). Maximal aerobic- and anaerobic-power outputs were returned to within 2% of preseason values. The presented case shows that through a subtle energy restriction associated with increased protein intake and sufficient energy intake during training, fat mass can be reduced with simultaneous increases in lean mass, performance gains, and improved health.
