Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is an ergogenic supplement used to increase blood bicarbonate concentration, buffering capacity and, subsequently, high-intensity exercise capacity and performance ( McNaughton et al., 2016 ). There is a body of evidence indicating that SB is an effective ergogenic
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Is Bypassing the Stomach a Means to Optimize Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation? A Case Study With a Postbariatric Surgery Individual
Luana Farias de Oliveira, Bryan Saunders, and Guilherme Giannini Artioli
Effects of Lactate Consumption on Blood Bicarbonate Levels and Performance During High-Intensity Exercise
David M. Morris, Rebecca S. Shafer, Kimberly R. Fairbrother, and Mark W. Woodall
The authors sought to determine the effects of oral lactate consumption on blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels, pH levels, and performance during high-intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Subjects (N = 11) were trained male and female cyclists. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work were measured during high-intensity exercise bouts 80 min after the consumption of 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate (L), an equal volume of placebo (PL), or no treatment (NT). Blood HCO3− increased significantly after ingestion of lactate (p < .05) but was not affected in PL or NT (p > .05). No changes in pH were observed as a result of treatment. TTE and total work during the performance test increased significantly by 17% in L compared with PL and NT (p = .02). No significant differences in TTE and total work were seen between the PL and NT protocols (p = .85). The authors conclude that consuming 120 mg/kg body mass of lactate increases HCO3− levels and increases exercise performance during high-intensity cycling ergometry to exhaustion.
Time Course of Blood Bicarbonate and pH Three Hours After Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion
Michael J. Price and Malkit Singh
This study examined the increase in blood pH and bicarbonate concentration after ingestion of a standard sodium bicarbonate solution. Peak blood pH and bicarbonate concentration occurred between 60 and 90 minutes. Values decreased over the remainder of the ingestion period although still elevated above preingestion levels.
Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men
Rebecca L. Jones, Trent Stellingwerff, Paul Swinton, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Bryan Saunders, and Craig Sale
) ingestion increases the concentration of blood bicarbonate, leading to a greater efflux of H + and lactate anions out of the skeletal muscle, which can be beneficial to high-intensity (HI; ∼2–10 min) performance ( Carr et al., 2011 ; Christensen et al., 2017 ). Ingestion of SB prior to HI exercise has a
Enteric-Coated Sodium Bicarbonate Attenuates Gastrointestinal Side-Effects
Nathan Philip Hilton, Nicholas Keith Leach, Melissa May Craig, S. Andy Sparks, and Lars Robert McNaughton
, which in turn, may reduce changes in blood bicarbonate. These considerations suggest that bioavailability may be complex; one factor relates to GI transit time, whereas another relates to the degree of neutralization. Therefore, bioavailability is dependent upon the balance between bicarbonate loss
Effect of Warm-Up and Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance
William H. Gurton, Steve H. Faulkner, and Ruth M. James
elevating circulating blood bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) ∼5 to 6 mmol·L −1 above baseline, 4 which promotes greater efflux of H + from the muscle, in turn protecting against declining intramuscular pH. 5 NaHCO 3 ingestion also elevates strong ion difference (SID) by ∼15%, 6 , 7 subsequently allowing for
Warm-Up Strategy and High-Intensity Endurance Performance in Trained Cyclists
Peter M. Christensen and Jens Bangsbo
Purpose:
To evaluate the influence of warm-up exercise intensity and subsequent recovery on intense endurance performance, selected blood variables, and the oxygen-uptake (VO2) response.
Methods:
Twelve highly trained male cyclists (VO2max 72.4 ± 8.0 mL · min−1 · kg−1, incremental-test peak power output (iPPO) 432 ± 31 W; mean ± SD) performed 3 warm-up strategies lasting 20 min before a 4-min maximal-performance test (PT). Strategies consisted of moderate-intensity exercise (50%iPPO) followed by 6 min of recovery (MOD6) or progressive high-intensity exercise (10–100%iPPO and 2 × 20-s sprints) followed by recovery for 6 min (HI6) or 20 min (HI20).
Results:
Before PT venous pH was lower (P < .001) in HI6 (7.27 ± 0.05) than in HI20 (7.34 ± 0.04) and MOD6 (7.35 ± 0.03). At the same time, differences (P < .001) existed for venous lactate in HI6 (8.2 ± 2.0 mmol/L), HI20 (5.1 ± 1.7 mmol/L), and MOD6 (1.4 ± 0.4 mmol/L), as well as for venous bicarbonate in HI6 (19.3 ± 2.6 mmol/L), HI20 (22.6 ± 2.3 mmol/L), and MOD6 (26.0 ± 1.4 mmol/L). Mean power in PT in HI6 (402 ± 38 W) tended to be lower (P = .11) than in HI20 (409 ± 34 W) and was lower (P = .007) than in MOD6 (416 ± 32 W). Total VO2 (15–120 s in PT) was higher in HI6 (8.18 ± 0.86 L) than in HI20 (7.85 ± 0.82 L, P = .008) and MOD6 (7.90 ± 0.74 L, P = .012).
Conclusions:
Warm-up exercise including race-pace and sprint intervals combined with short recovery can reduce subsequent performance in a 4-min maximal test in highly trained cyclists. Thus, a reduced time at high exercise intensity, a reduced intensity in the warm-up, or an extension of the recovery period after an intense warm-up is advocated.
The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on the Decline in Gross Efficiency During a 2000-m Cycling Time Trial
Anna E. Voskamp, Senna van den Bos, Carl Foster, Jos J. de Koning, and Dionne A. Noordhof
): 34 . doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0101-4 28936625 10.1186/s40798-017-0101-4 17. Gough LA , Deb SK , Sparks SA , McNaughton LR . Sodium bicarbonate improves 4 km time trial cycling performance when individualised to time to peak blood bicarbonate in trained male cyclists . J Sports Sci . 2018
Increased Performance in Elite Runners Following Individualized Timing of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation
Tue A.H. Lassen, Lars Lindstrøm, Simon Lønbro, and Klavs Madsen
of the Central Denmark Region (N-1-10-72-226-17). Experimental Protocol The pretest set-up consisted of a preliminary session including a familiarization with the time-trial run (TT-run). In addition, two tests to identify individual time to peak HCO 3 − blood bicarbonate (HCO 3 − peak ) with
The Effects of ß-Hydroxy-ß-Methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB/Creatine Supplementation on Indices of Health in Highly Trained Athletes
Melissa J. Crowe, Donna M. O’Connor, and Joann E. Lukins
This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 wk oral supplementation of ß-hydroxy- ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB combined with creatine monohy-drate (HMBCr) on indices of health in highly trained athletes. Elite, male rugby league players (n = 28) were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: a control group (n = 6), a HMB group (3 g/d; n = 11), or a HMBCr group (3 g/day HMB, 3 g/d Cr; n = 11). Testing prior to, and immediately following, supplementation included a full blood count, plasma testosterone and cortisol, blood electrolytes, lipids, urea and glucose, sperm count and motility, and assessment of psychological state. A 3 X 2 factorial ANOVA revealed no effect of HMB or HMBCr on any of the measured parameters except minor changes in blood bicarbonate and blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Blood bicarbonate was significantly decreased in the HMB post-supplementation sample compared to the control and HMBCr groups. Blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts showed no within-group changes for HMB or HMBCr supplementation but were significantly different from the control. However, the majority of these readings remained within normal range. HMB and HMBCr were concluded to have no adverse effects on the parameters evaluated in this study when taken orally by highly trained male athletes over a 6-wk period.
