Control and Prevention, 2015 ; Kanis et al., 2008 ; Ralston & Uitterlinden, 2010 ). Therefore, a high BMC is associated with lower risk for developing the disease, whereas a low BMC is associated with greater risk. The conventional method to assess BMC is by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA
Search Results
Tori M. Stone, Jonathan E. Wingo, Brett S. Nickerson, and Michael R. Esco
Flinn Shiel, Carl Persson, Vini Simas, James Furness, Mike Climstein, Rod Pope, and Ben Schram
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) uses a machine originally developed to provide information about bone mineral density, with the additional capability to assess and analyze body composition (BC) while imparting only low levels of radiation (less than a thousandth of the maximum recommended
Ana Torres-Costoso, Dimitris Vlachopoulos, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Asunción Ferri-Morales, Iván Cavero-Redondo, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino, and Luis Gracia-Marco
skeletal growth related to PA may be important for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. It is well known that certain sports induce osteogenic responses in the growing skeleton ( 36 ,41 ). However, monitoring osseous changes over time is not an easy task. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is
Danielle L. Gyemi, Charles Kahelin, Nicole C. George, and David M. Andrews
data have commonly been provided from a small number of cadaver segmentation studies, 5 limiting the applicability of the data across different populations. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a valid and reliable method for analyzing body composition 6 – 9 and estimating inertial
Márcio Beck Schemes, Simone de Azevedo Bach, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado, Rodrigo Rabuski Neske, Cláudia Dornelles Schneider, and Ronei Silveira Pinto
( Newman et al., 2006 ; Pinto et al., 2014 ) and has also been linked to an increased mortality risk in this population ( Newman et al., 2006 ). Regarding methods to estimate muscle mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) ( Abe et al., 2015 ), ultrasonography (US; Thiebaud et al., 2019 ), and
Gary J. Slater, Ava Farley, Luke Hogarth, Jose L. Areta, Gøran Paulsen, and Ina Garthe
; Lees et al., 2017 ), requiring a highly precise assessment tool. While precision of multicomponent models is high ( Withers et al., 1999 ), resource constraints typically ensures use is restricted to research activities. In practice, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has gained popularity n the
Ivy Evangelista Ramos, Gabriela Morgado Coelho, Haydée Serrão Lanzillotti, Elisabetta Marini, and Josely Correa Koury
component of the equation relies on accurate measurement tools and a clear definition of what should be measured ( Loucks, 2004 ). FFM can be obtained by gold standard methods, such as four compartments model, or high accuracy, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Shepherd et al., 2017 ). However
Nidia Rodriguez-Sanchez and Stuart D.R. Galloway
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a popular tool to determine body composition (BC) in athletes, and is used for analysis of fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) or fat mass (FM) gain/loss in response to exercise or nutritional interventions. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of exercise-heat stress induced hypohydration (HYP, >2% of body mass (BM) loss) vs. maintenance of euhydration (EUH) on DXA estimates of BC, sum of skinfolds (SF), and impedance (IMP) measurements in athletes. Competitive athletes (23 males and 15 females) recorded morning nude BM for 7 days before the first main trial. Measurements on the first trial day were conducted in a EUH condition, and again after exercise-heat stress induced HYP. On the second trial day, fluid and electrolyte losses were replaced during exercise using a sports drink. A reduction in total BM (1.6 ± 0.4 kg; 2.3 ± 0.4% HYP) and total FFST (1.3 ± 0.4 kg), mainly from trunk (1.1 ± 0.5 kg), was observed using DXA when participants were HYP, reflecting the sweat loss. Estimated fat percent increased (0.3 ± 0.3%), however, total FM did not change (0.1 ± 0.2 kg). SF and IMP declined with HYP (losses of 1.5 ± 2.9% and 1.6 ± 3% respectively) suggesting FM loss. When EUH was maintained there were no significant changes in BM, DXA estimates, or SF values pre to post exercise, but IMP still declined. We conclude that use of DXA for FFST assessment in athletes must ensure a EUH state, particularly when considering changes associated with nutritional or exercise interventions.
Georgianna Tuuri and Mark Loftin
Hydrodensitometry (HD), skinfold thickness measurements (SK), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were compared for estimating percent body fat (%BF) in youth competitive swimmers. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and linear regression of the differences between methods compared to method means. Limits of agreement between the three techniques were large. Hydrodensitometry and SK demonstrated no difference in precision. Variance was observed between DXA and the other two techniques, with DXA demonstrating a wider distribution of measurement scores than HD or SK. These methods do not appear to be interchangeable when measuring percent body fat in youth swimmers.
Alisa Nana, Gary J. Slater, Arthur D. Stewart, and Louise M. Burke
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is rapidly becoming more accessible and popular as a technique to monitor body composition, especially in athletic populations. Although studies in sedentary populations have investigated the validity of DXA assessment of body composition, few studies have examined the issues of reliability in athletic populations and most studies which involve DXA measurements of body composition provide little information on their scanning protocols. This review presents a summary of the sources of error and variability in the measurement of body composition by DXA, and develops a theoretical model of best practice to standardize the conduct and analysis of a DXA scan. Components of this protocol include standardization of subject presentation (subjects rested, overnight-fasted and in minimal clothing) and positioning on the scanning bed (centrally aligned in a standard position using custom-made positioning aids) as well as manipulation of the automatic segmentation of regional areas of the scan results. Body composition assessment implemented with such protocol ensures a high level of precision, while still being practical in an athletic setting. This ensures that any small changes in body composition are confidently detected and correctly interpreted. The reporting requirements for studies involving DXA scans of body composition include details of the DXA machine and software, subject presentation and positioning protocols, and analysis protocols.
