(Ap) and a drag coefficient (Cd), which is related to the shape of an object and the efficiency with which it moves through air. 6 The product of Ap and Cd is known as drag area (Ad). Reduction of this aerodynamic drag as a result of drafting can be expressed as a ratio (percentage) of the required
Search Results
Levi Heimans, Wouter R. Dijkshoorn, Marco J.M. Hoozemans, and Jos J. de Koning
Geoffrey T. Burns, Kenneth M. Kozloff, and Ronald F. Zernicke
movement. Why? Beyond its role in our evolutionary history, it is not unreasonable to wonder—why should we still focus on efficient movement? It is easy to appreciate the role of efficiency in optimizing athletic performance, where competition puts a premium on maximizing effectiveness while minimizing
Sjors Groot, Lars H.J. van de Westelaken, Dionne A. Noordhof, Koen Levels, and Jos J. de Koning
According to the performance model of Joyner and Coyle, 1 performance power output or velocity is mainly determined by (1) maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max), (2) V ˙ O 2 at the lactate threshold, (3) performance O 2 deficit (ie, anaerobic capacity), and (4) efficiency. The efficiency of an
Paul Glaise, Isabelle Rogowski, Pierre Samozino, Jean-Benoit Morin, Baptiste Morel, and Cyril Martin
Rooyen et al 14 have demonstrated that a forward leaning and obliquely angled position of the player’s torso before contact was related to the tackle efficiency in international rugby union while executing front-on tackles reduced offloads and tackle breaks for the ball carrier. 15 In both situations
Toshiki Kobayashi, Fan Gao, Nicholas LeCursi, K. Bo Foreman, and Michael S. Orendurff
orthoses. The mechanical properties of AFOs, such as stiffness (moment per degree) and energy efficiency (ratio of released energy to stored energy), have been characterized using various mechanical testing devices, 1 – 3 and their effects on gait in individuals with neuromuscular diseases have been
Shaun Abbott, Goshi Yamauchi, Mark Halaki, Marcela Torres Castiglioni, James Salter, and Stephen Cobley
positions coupled with complementary (biomechanically appropriate) arm and leg actions. 20 While challenging to quantify, reliable indicators of estimating technical skill proficiency, such as stroke index (SI) and arm propelling efficiency, have been developed . 21 Field-based assessment of these
Billy C.L. So, Sze C. Kwok, and Paul H. Lee
beneficial effects of aquatic PA on objectively measured sleep quality in individuals with chronic MSK pain. This study was designed to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity (aerobic) aquatic exercise on sleep efficiency, sleep quality, pain, stress, and PA using an ActiGraph (Pensacola, FL) and self
Arne Nieuwenhuys, J. Rob Pijpers, Raôul R.D. Oudejans, and Frank C. Bakker
The object of the current study was to investigate anxiety-induced changes in movement and gaze behavior in novices on a climbing wall. Identical traverses were situated at high and low levels on a climbing wall to manipulate anxiety. In line with earlier studies, climbing times and movement times increased under anxiety. These changes were accompanied by similar changes in total and average fixation duration and the number of fixations, which were primarily aimed at the holds used for climbing. In combination with these findings, a decrease in search rate provided evidence for a decrease in processing efficiency as anxiety increased.
Marko Milic, Danica Janicijevic, Aleksandar Nedeljkovic, Ivan Cuk, Milos Mudric, and Amador García-Ramos
Fencing is classified as an open, complex, and unpredictable sport in which success is greatly affected by attack efficiency ( Sorel, Plantard, Bideau, & Pontonnier, 2019 ). Previous studies have identified similar factors when defining what is often called “successful attack performance.” For
Veronique Richard, Justin Mason, Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado, Inbal Perry, Benoit Lussier, and Gershon Tenenbaum
minute, while SL represents the distance covered by each stroke. The SR is thus an index of propelling efficiency and is expressed by the ratio of swimming speed to SR ( Zamparo, Pendergast, et al., 2005 ). Consequently, an increase in speed is obtained mainly by increasing SR, while the SL remains
