Track and field athletes have intense physiological demands and require optimized nutrition ( Burke et al., 2019 ; Slater et al., 2018 ; Stellingwerff et al., 2018 ; Sygo et al., 2019 ). Track and field athletes may experience low energy availability (LEA) due to disordered eating (DE) behavior
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Energy Availability in Athletics: Health, Performance, and Physique
Anna K. Melin, Ida A. Heikura, Adam Tenforde, and Margo Mountjoy
Case Study: Energy Availability and Endocrine Markers in Elite Male Track Cyclists
Katherine L. Schofield, Holly Thorpe, and Stacy T. Sims
Low energy availability (LEA), defined as inadequate energy intake relative to exercise energy expenditure, is the underlying cause of relative energy deficiency in sport and manifests in a range of health and performance impairments. 1 Relative energy deficiency in sport has predominantly been
Body Composition, Energy Availability, Training, and Menstrual Status in Female Runners
Johanna K. Ihalainen, Oona Kettunen, Kerry McGawley, Guro Strøm Solli, Anthony C. Hackney, Antti A. Mero, and Heikki Kyröläinen
undesirable consequences when an athlete aims for negative energy balance and weight reduction, which can lead to severely negative effects on health and performance. 5 Energy availability (EA) is defined as “ energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure ” and represents the amount of dietary energy
The Utility of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire to Detect Markers Consistent With Low Energy Availability-Related Conditions in a Mixed-Sport Cohort
Margot A. Rogers, Michael K. Drew, Renee Appaneal, Greg Lovell, Bronwen Lundy, David Hughes, Nicole Vlahovich, Gordon Waddington, and Louise M. Burke
Low energy availability (LEA) is a state wherein dietary energy intake fails to support normal physiological functioning once the energy committed to exercise has been removed, and has been associated with negative health outcomes ( Loucks et al., 2011 ). Modest periods of LEA may be integral to
Hepcidin as a Prospective Individualized Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Low Energy Availability
Claire E. Badenhorst, Katherine E. Black, and Wendy J. O’Brien
In 2014, the International Olympic Committee first used the term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) to describe the lack of energy for performance and health in female and male athletes. The underlying premise of RED-S is low energy availability (LEA), whereby the amount of dietary energy
Reduced Endurance Capacity and Suboptimal Energy Availability in Top-Level Female Cyclists
Gabriel Barreto, Luana Farias de Oliveira, Tiemi Saito, Rafael Klosterhoff, Pedro Perim, Eimear Dolan, Rosa Maria R. Pereira, Patrícia Campos-Ferraz, Fernanda R. Lima, and Bryan Saunders
competition each year. 2 Intense athletic calendars like these require careful periodization of both training and nutrition practices, 3 to ensure optimal performance and health throughout the season. Energy availability (EA) refers to the amount of energy available for basic physiological processes, such as
Prevalence of Indicators of Low Energy Availability in Elite Female Sprinters
Jennifer Sygo, Alexandra M. Coates, Erik Sesbreno, Margo L. Mountjoy, and Jamie F. Burr
systems, including, but not limited to, the endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, and gastrointestinal systems, as well as menstrual function and bone health. The underlying cause of RED-S is low energy availability (LEA), defined as the amount of energy relative to fat-free mass remaining for physiological
Pitfalls of Conducting and Interpreting Estimates of Energy Availability in Free-Living Athletes
Louise M. Burke, Bronwen Lundy, Ida L. Fahrenholtz, and Anna K. Melin
bioenergetics, energy availability (EA) is defined as energy that can be devoted to individual body systems. In sports nutrition, EA is more specifically defined as the residual energy available to support an athlete’s body functions, once the energy expenditure of exercise (EEE) is deducted from energy intake
Negative Consequences of Low Energy Availability in Natural Male Bodybuilding: A Review
Petter Fagerberg
Energy availability (EA) is a scientific concept describing how much energy is available for basic metabolic functions such as building bones and creating hormones when energy expended in exercise (exercise energy expenditure, EEE) has been subtracted from daily total energy intake (TEI; Loucks et
Energy Availability Over One Athletic Season: An Observational Study Among Athletes From Different Sports
Filipe Jesus, Mónica Sousa, Catarina L. Nunes, Ruben Francisco, Paulo Rocha, Cláudia S. Minderico, Luís B. Sardinha, and Analiza M. Silva
Energy availability (EA) is the difference between energy intake (EI) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) in relation to fat-free mass (FFM) ( Loucks & Thuma, 2003 ). The threshold for clinical low EA (i.e., <30 kcal/kg FFM) was defined when Professor Anne Loucks and Professor Jean Thuma observed
