The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of overload training on the function of peritoneal macrophages in rats, and to test the hypothesis that glutamine in vivo supplementation would partly reverse the eventual functional alterations induced by overload training in these cells. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (C), overload training group (E1), overload training and restore one week group (E2), glutamine-supplementation group (EG1), and glutamine-supplementation and restore 1-week group (EG2). All rats, except those placed on sedentary control were subjected to 11 weeks of overload training protocol. Blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone, and corticosterone of rats were measured. Moreover, the functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokines synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation) of peritoneal macrophages were determined. Data showed that blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone, corticosterone and body weight in the overload training group decreased significantly as compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the chemotaxis capacity (decreased by 31%, p = .003), the phagocytosis capacity (decreased by 27%, p = .005), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (decreased by 35%, p = .003) and the cytokines response capability of macrophages were inhibited by overload training. However, the hindering of phagocytosis and the cytokines response capability of macrophages induced by overload training could be ameliorated and reversed respectively, by dietary glutamine supplementation. These results suggest that overload training impairs the function of peritoneal macrophages, which is essential for the microbicidal actions of macrophages. This may represent a novel mechanism of immunodepression induced by overload training. Nonetheless, dietary glutamine supplementation could partly reverse the impaired macrophage function resulting from overload training.
Search Results
Weihua Xiao, Peijie Chen, Jingmei Dong, Ru Wang, and Beibei Luo
Ashley Kuzmik, Barbara Resnick, Pamela Cacchione, Rachel Arendacs, and Marie Boltz
Hospital-acquired disability (HAD), defined as functional loss that is acquired during hospitalization, occurs in over 30% of hospitalized adults age 65 and, with most older adults (70–80%) not returning to baseline function in mobility and other activities of daily living ( Buurman et al., 2011
Karlee Burns, Leah Sanford, Ryan Tierney, and Jane McDevitt
-related mild traumatic brain injury in areas of the brain associated with memory function (e.g., hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) within approximately 1 year following the individuals last injury. ▸ Clinicians (e.g., athletic trainers, physicians) should be familiar with sport-related mild traumatic brain
Sabrine Nayara Costa, Luis Henrique Boiko Ferreira, and Paulo C. B. Bento
older adults ( Yoshiko et al., 2018 ), and it may stimulate independent exercise, which can be sustained for extended periods ( Byrne et al., 2016 ). Thus, individual home-based exercise programs have been proposed as a suitable strategy to enhance muscle strength, physical function, gait, and balance
James L. Farnsworth II, Todd Evans, Helen Binkley, and Minsoo Kang
supported when the items from a PROM are relevant and logical for the outcome of interest. For example, a knee-specific PROM should only include items that measure knee-specific function. Evidence of structural validity can be supported through an examination of the relationship between examinees and their
Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos, George Koumantakis, and Maria Papandreou
result in sensory and motor deficits of the involved upper limb that includes paresthesia, anesthesia, and muscle weakness, along with neuropathic pain usually described as “burning” or “shooting” pain. 4 CR can impair patients’ ability to function properly, and the symptoms may lead to work absence and
Sara Birch, Torben Bæk Hansen, Maiken Stilling, and Inger Mechlenburg
The majority of patients having a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) report large pain reduction and improvements in physical function and quality of life after TKA, but around 20% of the patients report persistent pain up to 6 months after the operation ( Beswick et al., 2012 ). Different causes for
Jennifer F. Mullins, Arthur J. Nitz, and Matthew C. Hoch
history of ankle sprain, ongoing bouts of ankle instability, and a decrease in patient-perceived function. 7 CAI is closely linked to the development of ankle osteoarthritis, which is associated with decreased ankle movement, decreased ability to perform daily activities, limited physical activity, and
Júlio Benvenutti Bueno de Camargo and Alexandre Ferraz de Oliveira
regarding the increased protein demand by the older adults, there seems to be a certain resistance by these individuals in adhering to this nutritional approach, usually justified by eventual impairments on bone health and/or kidney function induced by higher amounts of protein ingestion. However, large
Philippa J.A. Nicolson, Vicky Duong, Esther Williamson, Sally Hopewell, and Sarah E. Lamb
Statistics, 2012 ). Optimizing physical function, quality of life, and psychosocial outcomes among this group is essential to facilitate ongoing independence. Therapeutic exercise is participation in physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful for the improvement or maintenance
