’ experiences with gender discrimination in sport through examining instances of homegrown varieties of sex control and gender identity discrimination. The targets of this discrimination are four short-haired girls, 10–12 years old, who are skilled athletes on the same competitive all-girls soccer team. The
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Julie Minikel-Lacocque
Susan Lagaert, Mieke Van Houtte, and Henk Roose
first year of secondary education ( M age = 12.18). Drawing on gender identity theory ( Egan & Perry, 2001 ), the “doing gender”-perspective ( West & Zimmerman, 1987 ), Risman’s ideas on gender as a social structure ( Risman & Davis, 2013 ) and the sociology of childhood perspective ( James, 2009
George B. Cunningham, Erin Buzuvis, and Chris Mosier
). Although the bills varied slightly, they all sought to restrict access to the facility one could use—whether a restroom, locker room, or a similar facility—based on that person’s sex assigned at birth. As transgender individuals’ sex assigned at birth differs from their gender identity and/or gender
Ben D. Kern, Wesley J. Wilson, Paul Malinowski, and Tristan Wallhead
-level data regarding pedagogical practices used by physical educators, the data are not disaggregated into different demographic groups, and recent studies suggest that instruction in PE may be different when taught by teachers of different gender identities and grade levels ( Kern et al., 2020 ; Zhou
Lorin A. Cartwright and Timothy Neal
other than that assigned at birth based on anatomical sex. Queer: Individuals who do not identify as straight; also used to describe people who have a nonnormative gender identity. Used historically as a derogatory term, it is not embraced or used by all members in the LBGTQ+ community. Questioning
Justin A. Haegele and T. Nicole Kirk
focused on the influence that having a disability has had on participants’ experiential perspectives and have ignored addressing interrelationships with other forms of difference (e.g., gender identity, race/ethnicity). For example, it is reasonable to suggest that the embodied experiences of individuals
Anika Frühauf, Christiane Pahlke, and Martin Kopp
). This was seen in previous studies by female skateboarders and snowboarders reporting different gender identities ( Kelly et al., 2006 ; Thorpe, 2005 ). However, based on the current results and relating to earlier research, developing an own identity unrelated to social gender norms through their
Emily Carol Stets
introduced around 280 anti-LGBTQ proposals, many focused on banning or limiting trans kids’ (particularly trans girls’ and women’s) access to sports teams consistent with their gender identity ( Bailey, 2022 ). Proponents of such proposals weaponize Title IX and gender verification to prohibit trans kids
Ellen J. Staurowsky, Courtney L. Flowers, Erin Buzuvis, Lindsay Darvin, and Natalie Welch
individuals whose gender identity does not conform to Title IX’s implicit and explicit gender binary, have benefitted from the legislation or been well-served by it. Asian, Black, Indigenous, Latinx, and other girls and women of color participate in sport at lower levels, face greater barriers to
