There is no doubt that sport has become a global phenomenon, with international interest in sport leading people across the globe to connect with one another ( Miller, Lawrence, McKay, & Rowe, 2001 ). In the United States, the recruitment of international collegiate student-athletes has become
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Carrie LeCrom and Michael Naylor
NaRi Shin and Jon Welty Peachey
hosting has been linked to the “exigencies and incentives of globalization” ( Black, 2007 , p. 261). Urban and regional units endeavor to win a bid for sport megaevents in order to boost their tourism industry as a global destination and to gain global political presence by demonstrating the nation
Tim Ströbel, B. David Ridpath, Herbert Woratschek, Norm O’Reilly, Markus Buser, and Michael Pfahl
Over the past few decades, sport has grown worldwide, most notably in developed countries. In turn, the global popularity of sport enables international connections, particularly in emerging sport markets such as China, Brazil, India, Russia, the Middle East, and the African continent ( Fay, Velez
Robert J. Lake and Simon J. Eaves
focus point for analysis, as historians continue to grapple with critical issues related to “the nation,” e.g., the globalization of culture, media, and business in the light of new technologies; colonization, neo-colonization, and post-colonial politics; international politics; and nationalism
Chen Chen and Daniel S. Mason
In the last several decades, stakeholders in the non-Western 1 part of the world have fought to establish their nations and territories on the global sporting map ( Gems, 2006 ; Guttmann, 1994 ). At the same time, sport leaders on the “periphery” have faced many issues, including the challenge to
Gwendolyn M. Weatherford, Betty A. Block, and Fredrick L. Wagner
globalization; digital technology; interpenetration of the wider society; agendas relative to participation, access, and equal opportunity; marketization; competition; and the development of quality evaluation mechanisms. Although Barnett’s ( 2004 ) challenges of the age apply to men’s and women’s sport, it is
Mark S. Tremblay, Joel D. Barnes, Silvia A. González, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Vincent O. Onywera, John J. Reilly, Grant R. Tomkinson, and the Global Matrix 2.0 Research Team
The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance organized the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 countries from 6 continents (representing 60% of the world’s population). Nine common indicators were used (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), and all Report Cards were generated through a harmonized development process and a standardized grading framework (from A = excellent, to F = failing). The 38 Report Cards were presented at the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health in Bangkok, Thailand on November 16, 2016. The consolidated findings are summarized in the form of a Global Matrix demonstrating substantial variation in grades both within and across countries. Countries that lead in certain indicators often lag in others. Average grades for both Overall Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior around the world are D (low/poor). In contrast, the average grade for indicators related to supports for physical activity was C. Lower-income countries generally had better grades on Overall Physical Activity, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behaviors compared with higher-income countries, yet worse grades for supports from Family and Peers, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments. Average grades for all indicators combined were highest (best) in Denmark, Slovenia, and the Netherlands. Many surveillance and research gaps were apparent, especially for the Active Play and Family and Peers indicators. International cooperation and cross-fertilization is encouraged to address existing challenges, understand underlying determinants, conceive innovative solutions, and mitigate the global childhood inactivity crisis. The paradox of higher physical activity and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower physical activity and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure, suggests that autonomy to play, travel, or chore requirements and/or fewer attractive sedentary pursuits, rather than infrastructure and structured activities, may facilitate higher levels of physical activity.
Sang Keon Yoo
This case study attempted to determine how the Korean print media have covered women’s professional golf tournaments held in Korea and the United States. The study, which also investigated whether there is a shifting trend in newspaper coverage of players and activities associated with both the LPGA and KLPGA tours, focused on golf coverage of Chosun Ilbo from 1998 through 2011. The findings revealed that the paper covered the LPGA (75.5%) much more frequently than the KLPGA. In addition, the LPGA received more coverage in terms of size, feature stories, and photographs. It is notable that this case study’s principal innovation is the finding of changes in the overall approach of the Korean media over the years. The coverage devoted to the KLPGA tour increased from 13% to 44% across the 14 years analyzed. In addition to the findings, the case study’s implications and questions are presented.
Danielle S. Coombs and Anne Osborne
England’s Barclays Premier League is one of the most successful and widereaching sporting organizations in the world, attracting the best football players and managers from around the world as well as a global audience. Since its formation in 1992, the Premier League has focused on commercial success for both the League and its constituent clubs. This emphasis has brought tremendous change to English football as a whole. This case study analysis seeks to understand the perceptions and experiences of sports reporters tasked with covering these Premier League sides. These football journalists describe limited access brought on by the clubs’ decisions to emphasize global brands and manage their own branded content through club-run websites and material. Respondents also perceive this limited access is exacerbated by increased multiculturalism and a growing culture of suspicion that widens the gulfs between teams and the reporters who cover them.
Mark S. Tremblay, Joel D. Barnes, Iryna Demchenko, Silvia A. Gonzalez, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Jakub Kalinowski, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Taru Manyanga, John J. Reilly, Stephen Heung Sang Wong, and Salomé Aubert
This brief report provides an overview of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA), an introduction to the Global Matrix 4.0, an explanation of the value and opportunities that the AHKGA efforts and assets provide to the physical activity research, policy, practice, and advocacy community
