The aim of our study was to assess the interday test-retest reliability (focussing on the separate contribution of systematic and random error) of selected 10-trial mean ground reaction force (GRF) parameters and GRF symmetry indices measured during running. Ten competitive male heel-strike runners (aged, 26.2 ± 5.7 years) performed 10 successful running trials across the force platform at a constant velocity of 4.0 m · s-1 ±10% wearing their customary running footwear. The testing procedure was repeated under similar conditions 1 week later. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the means of Test 1 and Test 2 for most GRF parameters and symmetry indices, indicating non-significant systematic error. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.73 to 0.99 for GRF parameters. Random error was small with SEmeas less than 10% of the Test 1 mean value for almost all GRF parameters. Symmetry indices displayed correlation coefficients ranging from −0.44 to 0.91. Based on these and the size of the SEmeas, the symmetry indices displayed variable reliability, with the most reliable being those associated with peak vertical active force and peak horizontal propulsive force.
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Test-Retest Reliability of Selected Ground Reaction Force Parameters and Their Symmetry during Running
Kim Bennell, Kay Crossley, Tim Wrigley, and Julie Nitschke
Altered Vertical Ground Reaction Force Components While Walking in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Erik A. Wikstrom, Kyeongtak Song, Kimmery Migel, and Chris J. Hass
potentially reduce PTOA prevalence. While the underlying etiology of ankle joint degeneration has not yet been elucidated, a growing body of evidence is emerging regarding possible biomechanical 6 – 8 influences on cartilage health. Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and vGRF loading rate, defined as the
The Relationship Between Vertical Ground Reaction Force, Loading Rate, and Sound Characteristics During a Single-Leg Landing
Caroline Lisee, Tom Birchmeier, Arthur Yan, Brent Geers, Kaitlin O’Hagan, Callum Davis, and Christopher Kuenze
ACL injury associated with common sport-related tasks. Kinetic variables, such as peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), and linear loading rates provide key insights into the characteristics of forces acting on the body as well as an individual’s response to these forces during functional tasks
Effects of Corrective Training on Drop Landing Ground Reaction Force Characteristics and Lower Limb Kinematics in Older Adults With Genu Valgus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero, Morteza Madadi-Shad, Christopher McCrum, and Kiros Karamanidis
.01 ± 0.01 −0.01 ± 0.01 0.02 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.02 −0.01 ± 0.02 Negative peak −0.07 ± 0.02 −0.06 ± 0.02 −0.01 ± 0.03 −0.07 ± 0.03 −0.06 ± 0.03 −0.01 ± 0.03 GRF = ground reaction force; TTP = time to peak; FM = free moment. *Significant within group difference. **Significant difference between control and
Relationships between Ground Reaction Force and Tibial Bone Acceleration Parameters
Ewald M. Hennig and Mario A. Lafortune
Using data from six male subjects, this study compared ground reaction force and tibial acceleration parameters for running. A bone-mounted triaxial accelerometer and a force platform were employed for data collection. Low peak values were found for the axial acceleration, and a time shift toward the occurrence of the first peak in the vertical force data was present. The time to peak axial acceleration differed significantly from the time to the first force peak, and the peak values of force and acceleration demonstrated only a moderate correlation. However, a high negative correlation was found for the comparison of the peak axial acceleration with the time to peak vertical force. Employing a multiple regression analysis, the peak tibial acceleration could be well estimated using vertical force loading rate and peak horizontal ground reaction force as predictors.
Effect of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force Components During Landing in People With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Ali Jalalvand and Mehrdad Anbarian
Helsinki, approved all the procedures before the beginning of the investigation. Instrumentation Ground reaction force data were collected using a Kistler force plate (type 9281; Kistler Instrument AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) at a frequency of 1000 Hz. Studies have shown that the Kistler force plate is a
Estimates of Running Ground Reaction Force Parameters from Motion Analysis
Gaspare Pavei, Elena Seminati, Jorge L.L. Storniolo, and Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
We compared running mechanics parameters determined from ground reaction force (GRF) measurements with estimated forces obtained from double differentiation of kinematic (K) data from motion analysis in a broad spectrum of running speeds (1.94–5.56 m⋅s–1). Data were collected through a force-instrumented treadmill and compared at different sampling frequencies (900 and 300 Hz for GRF, 300 and 100 Hz for K). Vertical force peak, shape, and impulse were similar between K methods and GRF. Contact time, flight time, and vertical stiffness (kvert) obtained from K showed the same trend as GRF with differences < 5%, whereas leg stiffness (kleg) was not correctly computed by kinematics. The results revealed that the main vertical GRF parameters can be computed by the double differentiation of the body center of mass properly calculated by motion analysis. The present model provides an alternative accessible method for determining temporal and kinetic parameters of running without an instrumented treadmill.
Offset Loading in a Bilateral Squatting Movement Pattern Influences Ground-Reaction Force and Muscle Activity in the Dominant and Nondominant Limb
Charlie R. Ottinger, James J. Tufano, Kristen C. Cochrane-Snyman, Raad H. Gheith, and Jeffrey M. McBride
loading. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate acute changes in ground-reaction force (GRF) and muscle activation during offset loading in the barbell squat to determine whether or not offset loading induces acute alterations in GRF or muscle activation. Given that previous studies have
Vertical Ground Reaction Force Estimation From Benchmark Nonstationary Kinematic Data
Daniel J. Davis and John H. Challis
, which provided criterion displacement and ground reaction force data. 9 Methods Criterion Data Van den Bogert and de Koning 9 analyzed computer-simulated human running using a 2-dimensional 4-link model and published noiseless model link displacements, ground reaction forces, resultant joint reaction
Reducing Errors in Kinetic Calculations: improved Synchronization of Video and Ground Reaction Force Records
Brian J. O'Connor, H. John Yack, and Scott C. White
A strategy is presented for temporally aligning ground reaction force and kinematic data. Alignment of these data requires marking both the force and video records at a common event. The strategy uses the information content of the video signal, which is A/D converted along with the ground reaction force analog signals, to accomplish this alignment in time. The vertical blanking pulses in the video signal, which define the start of each video field, can be readily identified, provided the correct A/D sampling rate is selected. Knowledge of the position of these vertical blanking pulses relative to the synchronization pulse makes it possible to precisely align the video and analog data in time. Choosing an A/D sampling rate of 598 Hz would enable video and analog data to be synchronized to within 1/1,196 s. Minimizing temporal alignment error results in greater accuracy and .reliability in calculations used to determine joint kinetics.
