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Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Percent Body Fatness and Physical Activity

Erin White, Jennifer D. Slane, Kelly L. Klump, S. Alexandra Burt, and Jim Pivarnik

Background:

Knowing the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence percent body fatness (%Fat) and physical activity (PA) would be beneficial, since both are tightly correlated with future health outcomes. Thus, the purpose was to evaluate sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on %Fat and physical activity behavior in male and female adolescent twins.

Methods:

Subjects were adolescent (age range 8.3 to 16.6 yr) twins. %Fat (n = 518 twins) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and PA (n = 296 twins) was measured using 3-Day PA Recall. Each activity was converted to total MET-minutes. Univariate twin models were used to examine sex differences in genetic and environmental factors influencing %Fat and PA.

Results:

%Fat was influenced by genetic effects in both boys and girls (88% and 90%, respectively), with slightly higher heritability estimates for girls. PA was influenced solely by environmental effects for both sexes with higher shared environmental influences in boys (66%) and higher nonshared effects in girls (67%).

Conclusions:

When developing interventions to increase PA in adolescents, it is important to consider the environment in which it takes place as it is the primary contributor to PA levels.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 11 (2014): Issue 6 (Aug 2014)

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Genetic Polymorphisms Related to VO2max Adaptation Are Associated With Elite Rugby Union Status and Competitive Marathon Performance

Elliott C.R. Hall, Sandro S. Almeida, Shane M. Heffernan, Sarah J. Lockey, Adam J. Herbert, Peter Callus, Stephen H. Day, Charles R. Pedlar, Courtney Kipps, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Mark A. Bennett, Liam P. Kilduff, Georgina K. Stebbings, Robert M. Erskine, and Alun G. Williams

Exercise-related phenotypes are determined by the interaction of genetics and the environment. 1 For many phenotypes, individual differences remain when environmental factors are controlled, highlighting the important contribution of heritable factors. 2 The discovery of genes and common genetic

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 12 (Dec 2021)

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The Human Genome, Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health

Claude Bouchard

extraordinary complexity, it is not surprising that the heritability of human lifespan is rather low, with values of about 15%–30% of the variability in life duration commonly reported but with estimates as low as 7% depending on the analytical model used ( Ruby et al., 2018 ). However, the contribution of the

Cover Kinesiology Review

In Kinesiology Review Volume 11 (2022): Issue 1 (Feb 2022): Proceedings of the National Academy of Kinesiology‘s 2021 Meeting: Kinesiology‘s Social Justice Imperative

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Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism-Panel Population-Genetics Approach Based on the 1000 Genomes Database and Elite Soccer Players

Gustavo Monnerat, Alex S. Maior, Marcio Tannure, Lia K.F.C. Back, and Caleb G.M. Santos

Classical twin studies that presented heritability rates associated with performance in various sports disciplines support the value of genetics in determining the response. In addition, numerous trials involving physiological responses such as hypertrophy, energy expenditure, vasodilation, cardiac output

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 14 (2019): Issue 6 (Jul 2019)

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Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Weight Status in Rural University Students

Joey C. Eisenmann, R. Todd Bartee, and Krystal D. Damori

Purpose:

The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the prevalence of participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and overweight and obesity, and (b) to examine the associations between physical activity and weight status in a sample of university students from a rural university.

Methods:

Data from a representative sample of 773 (361 women, 412 men) students participating in the National College Health Assessment Survey were examined. MVPA and height and body mass were self-reported. The body-mass index (BMI) was derived and used to classify subjects as normal, overweight, or obese.

Results:

Approximately 20% of students were inactive (0 d/wk), and 23% met the recommended amount of MVPA (≥5 d/wk). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 35.7% and 8.5% in men and, respectively, 15.6% and 8.2% in women. Analysis of variance revealed the mean BMI was not significantly different across levels of MVPA. Odds ratios showed higher levels of MVPA were significantly associated with lower risk of obesity in men but not women.

Conclusion:

A large percentage of subjects are inactive or insufficiently active, and self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity is significantly related to risk of obesity in men. Future studies should measure habitual physical activity or energy expenditure and body composition. Additional factors affecting obesity, such as television viewing and other sedentary behaviors, dietary intake, and heritability, should also be considered.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 1 (2004): Issue 3 (Jul 2004)

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The Associations Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Academic Performance: A Twin Study

Sari Aaltonen, Teemu Palviainen, Richard J. Rose, Urho M. Kujala, Jaakko Kaprio, and Karri Silventoinen

academic performance, mathematic- and reading-specific academic skills are highly heritable. 11 , 12 Moreover, physical activity has been shown to be moderately heritable. 13 , 14 We have also shown, contrary to the idea of causality, that the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 18 (2021): Issue 8 (Aug 2021)

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Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Health During Youth—The Year That Was 2017

Alex V. Rowlands

. For example, the pattern of PA with age mirrors that of basal metabolic rate and is consistent across cultures and indeed other animals; boys are more active than girls, again across diverse cultures; and twin studies suggest an overall heritability estimate of around 50% for PA, analogous to the

Cover Pediatric Exercise Science

In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 30 (2018): Issue 1 (Feb 2018)

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Physical Growth and Development in Young Athletes: Factors of Influence and Consequence

Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones

after the adolescent growth spurt. Since the expected correlation between parents and offspring would be .5 if the heritability of the trait were 1.0 (the heritability of a trait is a measure of the degree of genetic control of a phenotype), it can be concluded that the population variation in height is

Cover Kinesiology Review

In Kinesiology Review Volume 8 (2019): Issue 3 (Aug 2019): Special Issue: Contemporary Youth Sport: Critical Issues and Future Directions

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Are Genome-Wide Association Study Identified Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Sprint Athletic Status? A Replication Study With 3 Different Cohorts

João Paulo Limongi França Guilherme, Ekaterina A. Semenova, Hirofumi Zempo, Gabriel L. Martins, Antonio H. Lancha Junior, Eri Miyamoto-Mikami, Hiroshi Kumagai, Takuro Tobina, Keisuke Shiose, Ryo Kakigi, Takamasa Tsuzuki, Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Hisashi Naito, Oleg V. Borisov, Elena S. Kostryukova, Nikolay A. Kulemin, Andrey K. Larin, Edward V. Generozov, Noriyuki Fuku, and Ildus I. Ahmetov

achievement, individual performance thresholds can be determined by our genetic makeup. Twin studies have reported moderate to high heritability estimates for maximum movement speed, as well as for other sprint and power phenotypes, 5 , 6 and so it has been proposed that elite sprint performance strongly

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 4 (Apr 2021)

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Changes in Physical Fitness Among Preschool Children From Kraków (Poland) From 2008 to 2018

Magdalena Żegleń, Łukasz Kryst, Małgorzata Kowal, and Agnieszka Woronkowicz

highly heritable aspect of physical fitness ( h 2  = 30%–65%). 27 , 33 – 35 Thus, the observed intergenerational changes regarding the dynamometric force may largely depend on genetic factors and less so on environmental conditions of development. As has already been mentioned, in the current research

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 17 (2020): Issue 10 (Oct 2020)