Sport often is described as a heteronormative context that adheres to what Judith Butler ( 2006 ) refers to as the heterosexual matrix. Heteronormativity reflects a pervasive cultural bias that favors heterosexuality and disregards the existence of other sexual identities ( Krane & Symons, 2014
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Mallory Mann and Vikki Krane
Sofía Pereira-García, Elena López-Cañada, and Agnes Elling-Machartzki
Physical education (PE) and Physical Education and Sport Tertiary Education (PESTE) are conservative fields that naturalize and reproduce heteronormativity ( Lisahunter, 2019 ; Light, 2008 ). This system, which sustains patriarchal gender binaries and “normal” sexuality, negates gender and sexual
Annelies Knoppers, Fiona McLachlan, Ramón Spaaij, and Froukje Smits
, whereas gay men are not. Similarly, the focus on only self-identified LGBTQ+ participants and excluding heterosexual participants in research on sexuality can work as a subtext that implicitly reproduces heterosexuality as “normal” and “natural” and strengthens heteronormativity ( Rumens et al., 2019
Austin Stair Calhoun, Nicole M. LaVoi, and Alicia Johnson
Sport scholars have connected heteronormativity and heterosexism to the creation of privilege for the dominant group. They also contend that the coverage and framing of female athletes and coaches promote heteronormativity across print, broadcast, and new media. To date, research examining heteronormativity and heterosexism on university-sponsored athletics Web sites is scarce. Using framing theory, online biographies of NCAA intercollegiate head coaches of 12 conferences (N = 1,902) were examined for textual representations of heteronormativity and heterosexism. Biographies were coded based on the presence or absence of personal text—and the presence or absence of family narratives. The data demonstrate a near absence of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered coaches, suggesting that digital content of intercollegiate athletic department Web sites reproduces dominant gender ideologies and is plagued by homophobia in overt and subtle ways.
Marja Kokkonen
ill-being was not statistically significant. These gender differences might be explained by the somewhat different demands for heteronormativity in male and female sporting contexts. Heteronormativity is present in both the male and female sport cultures ( Griffin, 1992 ; Lenskyj, 2012 ), but it is
Anna Kavoura, Alex Channon, and Marja Kokkonen
challenge the gender binary categories and the default cissexism and heteronormativity of our sporting cultures. Queer theoretical perspectives resist rigid definitions and, instead, emphasize “the slipperiness of meaning and the transgression of categories and boundaries” ( McCann & Monaghan, 2019 , p. 2
Stanley Thangaraj
a respectable racial heteronormativity. In this case, the racial heteronormativity that was encased in Woods’s marriage to a respected white woman of middle-class background now suddenly came unmoored, no longer anchored to a palatable blackness. In particular, I center Woods’s mention of Buddhism
Steven M. Ortiz
fears about the quality of her own life if his NFL career caused his health to decline even more. Her fears were well justified; Ted’s injuries continued to accumulate. Samantha’s story illustrates one of many realities women must confront in the heteronormative sport marriage. My research revealed that
Katie Sullivan Barak, Chelsea A. Kaunert, Vikki Krane, and Sally R. Ross
impacts the female sport experience and heteronormatively beautiful female athletes receive greater media attention, reinforcing the importance of attractiveness and centering women’s sport in the male gaze ( Meier & Konjer, 2015 ). In our line of research, we provided female collegiate athletes the
Debra Kriger, Amélie Keyser-Verreault, Janelle Joseph, and Danielle Peers
at far lower rates than those whose embodiments match the norms systematically privileged through power relations in sport. Current sport systems center White athlete, men, identification within the gender binary, heteronormativity, and secularity and are designed for the experiences of cis
