Choking research in sport has suggested that an athlete's tendency to choke, versus give a better than usual (i.e., “clutch”) performance depends on his or her personality, as well as on situational influences, such as a reliance on explicit (versus implicit) knowledge when pressured. The current study integrated these hypotheses and tested a structural equation model (SEM) to predict sport performance under pressure. Two hundred and one participants attempted two sets of 15 basketball free throws, and were videotaped during their second set of shots as a manipulation of pressure. Results of the model suggest that “reinvesting” attention in the task leads to greater anxiety (cognitive and somatic), which then predicts a higher level of self-focus; self-focus, then, did not lead to improved performance under pressure, whereas feelings of self-reported “perceived control” did help performance. Implications for measurement of these constructs, and their relationships with performance, are discussed.
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Laura St. Germain, Amanda M. Rymal, and David J. Hancock
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Kevin A. Becker, Ayana F. Georges, and Christopher A. Aiken
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Amy Price, Dave Collins, John Stoszkowski, and Shane Pill
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Reynold W.L. Lee, Andy C.Y. Tse, and Thomson W.L. Wong
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Rob Gray, Anders Orn, and Tim Woodman
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Marcus Börjesson, Carolina Lundqvist, Henrik Gustafsson, and Paul Davis
.1016/0191-8869(95)00202-2 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology, 83 , 343 – 358 . doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x Mateo , M
Shamoon S. Shahzada, Toby C.T. Mak, and Thomson W.L. Wong
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John Pates and Kieran Kingston
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Jim Mckay and Donna O’Connor
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