Choking research in sport has suggested that an athlete's tendency to choke, versus give a better than usual (i.e., “clutch”) performance depends on his or her personality, as well as on situational influences, such as a reliance on explicit (versus implicit) knowledge when pressured. The current study integrated these hypotheses and tested a structural equation model (SEM) to predict sport performance under pressure. Two hundred and one participants attempted two sets of 15 basketball free throws, and were videotaped during their second set of shots as a manipulation of pressure. Results of the model suggest that “reinvesting” attention in the task leads to greater anxiety (cognitive and somatic), which then predicts a higher level of self-focus; self-focus, then, did not lead to improved performance under pressure, whereas feelings of self-reported “perceived control” did help performance. Implications for measurement of these constructs, and their relationships with performance, are discussed.
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Choking vs. Clutch Performance: A Study of Sport Performance under Pressure
Mark Otten
Considering a Holistic Focus of Attention as an Alternative to an External Focus
Kevin A. Becker, Ayana F. Georges, and Christopher A. Aiken
instruction preferences . International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7 ( 4 ), 488 – 502 . doi:10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671921 10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671921 Masters , R.S. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex
Coaches’ and Officials’ Self-Reporting of Observational Learning
Laura St. Germain, Amanda M. Rymal, and David J. Hancock
in rugby union referees . The Sport Psychologist, 19 , 131 – 147 . doi:10.1123/tsp.19.2.131 10.1123/tsp.19.2.131 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British
Coaching Games: Comparisons and Contrasts
Amy Price, Dave Collins, John Stoszkowski, and Shane Pill
, closing the gap at Key Stage 3 . The Curriculum Journal, 27 ( 2 ), 246 – 271 . 10.1080/09585176.2015.1137778 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, nerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of
Flotation REST as a Stress Reduction Method: The Effects on Anxiety, Muscle Tension, and Performance
Marcus Börjesson, Carolina Lundqvist, Henrik Gustafsson, and Paul Davis
.1016/0191-8869(95)00202-2 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology, 83 , 343 – 358 . doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x Mateo , M
The Effect of Attentional Focus on Real-Time Conscious Motor Processing During Tandem Walking in Young Adults
Shamoon S. Shahzada, Toby C.T. Mak, and Thomson W.L. Wong
. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1 ( 2 ), 160 – 183 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840802287218 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of
Ironic and Reinvestment Effects in Baseball Pitching: How Information About an Opponent Can Influence Performance Under Pressure
Rob Gray, Anders Orn, and Tim Woodman
). Conscious monitoring and control (reinvestment) in surgical performance under pressure . Surgical Endoscopy , 26 , 2423 – 2429 . doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8 10.1007/s00464-012-2193-8 Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know-how — The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the
Application of Analogy in Learning Badminton Among Older Adults: Implications for Rehabilitation
Reynold W.L. Lee, Andy C.Y. Tse, and Thomson W.L. Wong
. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics . Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology, 83 ( 3 ), 343 – 358 . doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02446.x 10.1111/j
A Holistic Focus of Attention Increases Torque Production and Electromyography Activity in an Isokinetic Elbow Flexion
Kevin A. Becker and Marco A. Avalos
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23 ( 8 ), 2358 – 2366 . 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b8d1e5 Masters , R.S. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, knerves and know‐how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of Psychology, 83
Reflections on a Long-Term Consultancy Relationship: Challenging the Beliefs of an Elite Golfer
John Pates and Kieran Kingston
.1037/h0054346 Maslow , A.H. ( 1970 ). Motivation and personality ( 2nd ed. ). New York, NY : Harper & Row . Masters , R.S.W. ( 1992 ). Knowledge, (k)nerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure . British Journal of
