Traditional conceptions of the exercise–affect relationship postulate that moderate-intensity exercise leads to positive affective changes in all or most individuals, and it can, therefore, be prescribed for all individuals involved in exercise programs. This study investigated whether this assumption is true, not only at the level of group averages but also at the level of individuals. Affect was assessed before, during, and after a session of moderate-intensity cycle ergometry using a dimensional conceptualization of affect. Examination of individual responses revealed a diversity of patterns that was masked by aggregate-based analyses. Mean ratings of affective valence were shown to remain stable during exercise, but in actuality almost half of the individuals experienced progressive improvement, whereas the other half experienced progressive deterioration. The diversity of individual affective responses must be taken into account in formulating conceptual models of the exercise–affect relationship and deriving public health physical activity recommendations.
Search Results
Throwing the Mountains into the Lakes: On the Perils of Nomothetic Conceptions of the Exercise-Affect Relationship
Lisa M. Van Landuyt, Panteleimon Ekkekakis, Eric E. Hall, and Steven J. Petruzzello
Sodium Bicarbonate and High-Intensity-Cycling Capacity: Variability in Responses
Bryan Saunders, Craig Sale, Roger C. Harris, and Caroline Sunderland
Purpose:
To determine whether gastrointestinal (GI) distress affects the ergogenicity of sodium bicarbonate and whether the degree of alkalemia or other metabolic responses is different between individuals who improve exercise capacity and those who do not.
Methods:
Twenty-one men completed 2 cycling-capacity tests at 110% of maximum power output. Participants were supplemented with 0.3 g/kg body mass of either placebo (maltodextrin) or sodium bicarbonate (SB). Blood pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate were determined at baseline, preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 5 min postexercise.
Results:
SB supplementation did not significantly increase total work done (TWD; P = .16, 46.8 · 9.1 vs 45.6 · 8.4 kJ, d = 0.14), although magnitude-based inferences suggested a 63% likelihood of a positive effect. When data were analyzed without 4 participants who experienced GI discomfort, TWD (P = .01) was significantly improved with SB. Immediately postexercise blood lactate was higher in SB for the individuals who improved but not for those who did not. There were also differences in the preexercise-to-postexercise change in blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess between individuals who improved and those who did not.
Conclusions:
SB improved high-intensity-cycling capacity but only with the exclusion of participants experiencing GI discomfort. Differences in blood responses suggest that SB may not be beneficial to all individuals. Magnitude-based inferences suggested that the exercise effects are unlikely to be negative; therefore, individuals should determine whether they respond well to SB supplementation before competition.
Monitoring Training Volume Through Maximal Number of Repetitions or Velocity-Based Approach
Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Gonçalo Rendeiro-Pinho, Pedro V. Mil-Homens, and Fernando Pareja-Blanco
the set and the percentage of repetitions performed with regard to MNR that could be completed up to concentric muscle failure (%Rep) for relative loads between 50% and 85% 1RM in the Smith machine bench press (BP) and squat exercises. 7 , 12 There was also a low interindividual variability (CV = 2
Variability in Individual Response to Aerobic Exercise Interventions Among Older Adults
Mary O. Whipple, Erica N. Schorr, Kristine M.C. Talley, Ruth Lindquist, Ulf G. Bronas, and Diane Treat-Jacobson
potential bias and complication introduced by inclusion of older adults with multiple chronic conditions that could be influence response to the intervention in unanticipated or negative ways. Studies in healthy individuals and young adults indicate substantial interindividual variability in physiological
Infants’ Motor Activity During a Mother–Infant Interaction Alternating Silent and Singing Phases
Marianne Jover, Mathilde Cellier, and Celine Scola
able to talk, infants make use of their general motor activity to express themselves and become stakeholders in social interactions. Therefore, despite considerable interindividual variability, we expected the infants’ motor activity to follow their mothers’ behavior, decreasing when they sang and
Basal Serum Cortisol and Testosterone/Cortisol Ratio Are Related to Rate of Na+ Lost During Exercise in Elite Soccer Players
Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda, Jorge Cancino, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Cristian Pérez-Luco, Sebastian Jannas-Vela, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Juan Del Coso, and Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
sodium lost in one exercise session ( Turner & Avolio, 2016 ). The mechanisms behind the interindividual variability of sweat electrolyte loss and concentration are not completely understood. However, the sweat rate ( Buono et al., 2007 ), concentration of aldosterone ( Yoshida et al., 2006 ) and
Small-Sided Games Are Not as Effective as Intermittent Running to Stimulate Aerobic Metabolism in Prepubertal Soccer Players
Anasthase Massamba, Stéphane P. Dufour, Fabrice Favret, and Thomas J. Hureau
) while it is not for SSG, meaning that training intensity is more difficult to control. Therefore, it would be insightful to investigate both the intensity and the interindividual variability of the physiological response when comparing HIIT and SSG. Previous studies found that SSG HR responses were
Increasing Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Is Not Beneficial to Reduce Energy Cost During Graded Running
Titouan P. Perrin, Jeremy Rossi, Hugo A. Kerhervé, and Guillaume Y. Millet
for trail running performance, using a grade typically found in this activity. Running shoes with a higher LBS were not associated with improved Cr UH. There was a large interindividual variability in response to different LBS wherein the LBS eliciting the lowest Cr was almost equally distributed
Durability in Professional Cyclists: A Field Study
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Lidia B. Alejo, Laureano M. Ozcoidi, Alejandro Lucia, Alfredo Santalla, and David Barranco-Gil
/kg, with little interindividual variability (coefficient of variation = 3.0%). Significant differences were found between TT Fresh and TT Fatigue on the mean PO attained, resulting in an average PO decay of 11 (12) W (−2.9%) ( P = .007; Figure 2A ). Only 2 cyclists showed no performance impairment in
On-Field Methodological Approach to Monitor the Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Phases in Elite Female Athletes
Marine Dupuit, Alice Meignié, Tom Chassard, Ludivine Blanquet, Julien LeHeran, Thomas Delaunay, Elise Bernardeau, Jean-François Toussaint, Martine Duclos, and Juliana Antero
the menstrual profile to be estimated for each athlete. Cycle and bleeding durations were consistent with values reported in previous studies. 37 , 38 We observed a large intraindividual and interindividual variability, highlighting athletes’ singularity and supporting an individual approach. 6 , 14
