Institutions of higher learning around the world have made advancing internationalization one of their top strategic priorities. However, the author suggests that sport management academic programs have not sufficiently kept pace with the internationalization developments in sport or higher
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Internationalizing Sport Management Programs: No Longer a Luxury, But a Necessity
W. James (Jim) Weese
Sport Licensing and Internationalization: A Case Analysis of the Reebok Bike Business
Mark Hecox
Reebok officially entered the bike business after 15 years of deliberation and strategic re-tooling. This case presents a situation that considers how the process of internationalization may be impacted by various factors both internal and external to the firm. The analysis examines multiple marketing elements, including brand position, product development, distribution channel, pricing, promotion, and operating model. The focus of decision making in the case centers on the use of licensing and determining possible alliance partner structures as possible solutions to enable Reebok to enter the global bike business successfully. Specific internationalization elements explored include mode of entry, foreign market selection, cultural influences, supply chain, operating model, and licensing strategic alliance partner strategy. This case provides an ideal opportunity to explore and analyze why and how a sport enterprise might want to internationalize its business and the potential role sport licensing might play in the process.
Internationalization of the Sport Management Labor Market and Curriculum Perspectives: Insights From Germany, Norway, and Spain
Olivia Wohlfart, Sandy Adam, Jorge García-Unanue, Gregor Hovemann, Berit Skirstad, and Anna-Maria Strittmatter
Globalization and internationalization affect industries across all fields and sectors. 1 Danylchuk, Doherty, Nicholson, and Stewart ( 2008 ) refer to the sport industry as the “global sport village” (p. 126). The labor market in sport management is growing and changing, promoted by
Internationalizing Ourselves: Realities, Opportunities, and Challenges
Karen Danylchuk
Internationalization is a very relevant topic on university campuses and most universities include a commitment to it in their mission statement or strategic plans. Over the years, universities have realized the importance of providing students with an international perspective that will prepare them to succeed in an increasingly globalized world. The globalization of the sport industry makes our field an ideal medium for addressing the concept of internationalization. As leaders in the field of sport management, we must ensure that we teach, research, and advocate from an international perspective. This paper discusses how we as sport management academicians and students might prepare ourselves to become global citizens by internationalizing ourselves through our teaching, research, and service. A commentary on the status of internationalization in our field as well as suggestions for change is provided.
Keeping It Real or Bridging the Gap? Brand Positioning of U.S. Sport Teams in Germany and China
Anton Behrens, Yanxiang Yang, and Sebastian Uhrich
two subcategories of foreign brand positioning. Using the context of U.S. team sport brands’ internationalization activities, three experimental online studies test the comparative effects of the two positioning strategies (implemented as social media communications) on satellite fans’ attitudes
Supervising International Graduate Students in Sport Management: Perspectives of Experienced Advisors
Karen Danylchuk, Robert Baker, Brenda Pitts, and James Zhang
This study examined the perspectives of sport management academicians regarding their experiences supervising international graduate students. Fifteen experts were interviewed and provided their perspectives on practices used in international student involvement—specifically, student identification, recruitment, acceptance, orientation, progress, and retention, and the inherent challenges and benefits. The primary challenges cited by the majority of participants were language and cultural differences in learning; however, all participants concurred that the benefits of supervising international students far outweighed the challenges. These benefits included, but were not limited to, bringing international and global perspectives into the learning environment, which was positive for both students and professors. Findings from this study may provide program administration with insights on key factors affecting the quality of delivery of sport management education to international students. Consequently, high-quality programs can be developed to meet the needs of students from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Global Perspectives in Sport Management Education
Carrie LeCrom and Michael Naylor
), and others have called for a stronger focus on internationalizing curriculum, but few have tackled the issue in a concrete way that provides strategies and suggestions. In an effort to fill that void, this special issue on global perspectives in sport represents a breadth of activity across a
Global Engagement in the Kinesiology Classroom Through Virtual Exchange
Pamela Beach, Melanie Perreault, and Leapetswe Malete
programs by traditionally less represented ethnic minority students and faculty. Less explored modes of delivery, such as the virtual exchange, fall within what Olsen et al. ( 2006 ) described as comprehensive internationalization. For global education to be comprehensive, it has to meet the needs of
Wide World of Golf: A Research Note on the Interdependence of Sport, Culture, and Economy
Brian Stoddart
This research note argues that while golf is perhaps the most socially pervasive of games on a global scale, its social contours have been ignored by academic analysts. The paper isolates three themes as being likely avenues for further investigation: environmental issues, the internationalization of golf and its economy, and social access to participation. By virtue of its heavy demands on natural resources of land and water, golf is rapidly becoming an environmental issue. International economic patterns are altering traditional golf participation patterns, course ownership, and equipment production. Then, the predicted 1990s golf boom may occur among social groups previously untouched by the game, again with implications for its social contexting. In each of these three themes there are clear overlaps and social interlocking that render golf an excellent research site for many of the issues in sport sociology.
Recentering Beijing: Sport, Space, and Subjectivities
Tan Zhang and Michael L. Silk
At present, and as China negotiates the instantiation of consumer capitalism, her urban spaces have experienced agonizing growth affecting housing, the internationalization of cities, interactions between government and developers, the development of rural land, migrant flows, and social stratification within the city. Focusing on Beijing, we locate the efforts to host major sporting events—especially the 1990 Asian Games and the 2008 Olympic Games—within the dynamics of the spatial reconfigurations in Beijing, a rapid reordering based on “capital space” (Harvey, 2001), gentrification, and the lifestyle practices of a burgeoning middle and upper class of Beijingers. In so doing, we offer a multidimensional account of the complex manner in which power, mobility, and transformation within a modernizing Beijing intersects with the discursive constitution of bodies, concluding with regard to new forms of social cleavages and inequalities that derive from embracing, however selectively, the logistics of the market in the framework set by the Chinese nation-state.
