Session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) have been used extensively in team sports to measure internal load, which is defined as the subjective responses to an external load. 1 While the validity of sRPE to measure load has been demonstrated in adults, the results of studies conducted in youth
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Convergent Validity of CR100-Based Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Elite Youth Football Players of Different Ages
Fabio R. Serpiello and Will G. Hopkins
Sex-Related Changes in Physical Performance, Well-Being, and Neuromuscular Function of Elite Touch Players During a 4-Day International Tournament
Nick Dobbin, Cari Thorpe, Jamie Highton, and Craig Twist
on day 3 compared with day 1. The use of HMP, alongside more traditional measures of movement, offers a more comprehensive appraisal of the load imposed on athletes where multiple directional changes are involved. 4 Research using a range of movement characteristics is warranted to report the loads
Variation in Physical Performance of Futsal Players During Congested Fixtures
João Nuno Ribeiro, Diogo Monteiro, Bruno Gonçalves, João Brito, Jaime Sampaio, and Bruno Travassos
evaluate the longitudinal variation of physical performance (ie, external and internal load) of elite male futsal players over a short congested period during two 4-day FIFA futsal world cup qualifiers, encompassing 2 periods of 3 games in 4 days. Through the LGC model, we expected to identify
Recovery and Performance in Sport: Consensus Statement
Michael Kellmann, Maurizio Bertollo, Laurent Bosquet, Michel Brink, Aaron J. Coutts, Rob Duffield, Daniel Erlacher, Shona L. Halson, Anne Hecksteden, Jahan Heidari, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Romain Meeusen, Iñigo Mujika, Claudio Robazza, Sabrina Skorski, Ranel Venter, and Jürgen Beckmann
of recovery can only be garnered from controlled testing in recovered and fatigued states (ie, sensitivity to load), regardless of laboratory or field environments. More important, tests require practicality in combination with the athlete’s belief of the task’s relevance for competitive
Tibiofemoral Load Magnitude and Distribution During Load Carriage
Blake W. Jones, John D. Willson, Paul DeVita, and Ryan D. Wedge
lost. 1 Joint loading during daily activities, like walking and climbing stairs, circulates nutrients and promotes repair, 3 – 5 but chronic knee joint overloading is a risk factor for the onset and progression of OA. 3 , 5 , 6 Chronic exposure to elevated mechanical compressive forces may activate
Sled Towing: The Optimal Overload for Peak Power Production
Andrea Monte, Francesca Nardello, and Paola Zamparo
Purpose:
The effects of different loads on kinematic and kinetic variables during sled towing were investigated with the aim to identify the optimal overload for this specific sprint training.
Methods:
Thirteen male sprinters (100-m personal best: 10.91 ± 0.14 s) performed 5 maximal trials over a 20-m distance in the following conditions: unloaded and with loads from 15% to 40% of the athlete’s body mass (BM). In these calculations the sled mass and friction were taken into account. Contact and flight times, stride length, horizontal hip velocity (vh), and relative angles of hip, knee, and ankle (at touchdown and takeoff) were measured step by step. In addition, the horizontal force (Fh) and power (Ph) and maximal force (Fh0) and power (Ph0) were calculated.
Results:
vh, flight time, and step length decreased while contact time increased with increasing load (P < .001). These variables changed significantly also as a function of the step number (P < .01), except between the 2 last steps. No differences were observed in Fh among loads, but Fh was larger in sled towing than in unloaded. Ph was unaffected by load up to +20%BM but decreased with larger loads. Fh0 and Ph0 were achieved at 20%BM. Up to 20%BM, no significant effects on joint angles were observed at touchdown and takeoff, while at loads >30%BM joint angles tended to decrease.
Conclusion:
The 20%BM condition represents the optimal overload for peak power production—at this load sprinters reach their highest power without significant changes in their running technique (eg, joint angles).
Player Responses to Match and Training Demands During an Intensified Fixture Schedule in Professional Rugby League: A Case Study
Craig Twist, Jamie Highton, Matthew Daniels, Nathan Mill, and Graeme Close
Player loads and fatigue responses are reported in 15 professional rugby league players (24.3 ± 3.8 y) during a period of intensified fixtures. Repeated measures of internal and external loads, perceived well-being, and jump flight time were recorded across 22 d, comprising 9 training sessions and matches on days 5, 12, 15, and 21 (player exposure: 3.6 ± 0.6 matches). Mean training loads (session rating of perceived exertion × duration) between matches were 1177, 1083, 103, and 650 AU. Relative distance in match 1 (82 m/min) and match 4 (79 m/min) was very likely lower in match 2 (76 m/min) and likely higher in match 3 (86 m/min). High-intensity running (≥5.5 m/s) was likely to very likely lower than match 1 (5 m/min) in matches 2–4 (2, 4, and 3 m/min, respectively). Low-intensity activity was likely to very likely lower than match 1 (78 m/min) in match 2 (74 m/min) and match 4 (73 m/min) but likely higher in match 3 (81 m/min). Accumulated accelerometer loads for matches 1–4 were 384, 473, 373, and 391 AU, respectively. Perceived well-being returned to baseline values (~21 AU) before all matches but was very likely to most likely lower the day after each match (~17 AU). Prematch jump flight times were likely to most likely lower across the period, with mean values of 0.66, 0.65, 0.62, and 0.64 s before matches 1–4, respectively. Across a 22-d cycle with fixture congestion, professional rugby league players experience cumulative neuromuscular fatigue and impaired match running performance.
Effectiveness of Accentuated Eccentric Loading: Contingent on Concentric Load
Justin J. Merrigan, James J. Tufano, Michael Falzone, and Margaret T. Jones
, which require long rest periods (eg, 7–10 min) to counter the fatigue. 1 Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), 2 , 3 where eccentric loads are greater in comparison to concentric loads has been shown to increase force, velocity, and power during an exercise 2 , 4 without the need for extended rest
Optimizing Preseason Training Loads in Australian Football
David L. Carey, Justin Crow, Kok-Leong Ong, Peter Blanch, Meg E. Morris, Ben J. Dascombe, and Kay M. Crossley
Training-load prescription in team-sport athletes is a balance between performance improvement 1 , 2 and injury-risk reduction. 3 – 6 The manipulation of training intensity, duration, and frequency to induce improvements in athletic performance is a fundamental objective of training
Accumulative Weekly External and Internal Load Relative to Match Load in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players
Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Pello Alkain, Julen Castellano, and Ezequiel Rey
Quantification and monitoring of both training and match load could help coaches and strength and conditioning specialists to periodize the training process in soccer much better, aiming to increase team performance ( 22 ) and reduce the risk of injury ( 11 ). Generally, training load can be
