Heavy load carriage has been identified as a main contributing factor to the high incidence of overuse injuries in soldiers 1 , 2 and significant increases in peak or maximal vertical ground reaction force (VGRF MAX ) and maximal vertical loading rate (VLR MAX ). 3 , 4 Furthermore, previous
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Daniel E. Lidstone, Justin A. Stewart, Reed Gurchiek, Alan R. Needle, Herman van Werkhoven, and Jeffrey M. McBride
Alice D. LaGoy, Caleb Johnson, Katelyn F. Allison, Shawn D. Flanagan, Mita T. Lovalekar, Takashi Nagai, and Chris Connaboy
Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom reflect 2 international military efforts where load carriage demands have challenged the capabilities and health of warfighters. 5 Load carriage–related injuries account for as many as one-quarter of preventable injuries with female warfighters
James Scales, Jamie M. O’Driscoll, Damian Coleman, Dimitrios Giannoglou, Ioannis Gkougkoulis, Ilias Ntontis, Chrisoula Zisopoulou, and Mathew Brown
Occupational load carriage is unique in military settings, as participants are required to carry absolute loads prescribed by the requirements of the task, as opposed to the soldier’s physical capacity. 1 Special operation forces soldiers have experience and training beyond their infantry trained
Gregory S. Walsh, Daniel C. Low, and Marco Arkesteijn
Disturbances to the postural control system can come from numerous sources including physical perturbations, muscle fatigue, and load carriage. 1 – 3 It was demonstrated previously that a period of prolonged walking can lead to postural control alterations in older adults. 4 A potential
Jinkyu Lee, Yong-Jin Yoon, and Choongsoo S. Shin
It is common for soldiers to carry a heavy backpack and a rifle over unpredictable terrain during military training and/or operations. The effects of load carriage on human locomotion have been reported, including decreased step length, increased step frequency, increased double support time, and
Thiago R.T. Santos, Sergio T. Fonseca, Vanessa L. Araújo, Sangjun Lee, Fabricio Saucedo, Stephen Allen, Christopher Siviy, Thales R. Souza, Conor Walsh, and Kenneth G. Holt
Load carriage is a common task during recreational and occupational activities. 1 The mechanical stresses that the load imposes on the body cause the walking pattern to be stiffer than unloaded walking. 2 , 3 This pattern has been demonstrated by studies that calculated global (a model
Dennis E. Dever, Kellen T. Krajewski, Camille C. Johnson, Katelyn F. Allison, Nizam U. Ahamed, Mita Lovalekar, Qi Mi, Shawn D. Flanagan, William J. Anderst, and Chris Connaboy
Load carriage is a major component of training and operations in the military, with loads increasing substantially over the last decade. 1 With ∼30% of all lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries occurring during load carriage conditioning at basic training (new recruits), load carriage tasks
Eva Orantes-Gonzalez and J. Heredia-Jimenez
al., 2017 ). With respect to load carriage and balance, previous studies have analyzed the effects of different loads on landing biomechanics, which indicate the likelihood of lower body injuries and survivability in combat ( Dempsey et al., 2014 ; Palmer et al., 2013 ; Sell et al., 2010 ). In fact, part
Erin E. Sutton, M. Regina Coll, and Patricia A. Deuster
Acute tyrosine ingestion is thought to improve aerobic endurance, muscle strength and endurance, and anaerobic power of men undergoing severe physiologic stress. In a double-blind, crossover study, 20 men (32 ± 1 y old) underwent 2 loadcarriage treadmill sessions, 1 after taking tyrosine (150 mg/kg L-crystalline tyrosine) and 1 after taking placebo. Tyrosine dosage was based on subject weight and ingested 30 min before load carriage. A physical performance battery was administered after the load carriage: maximal and submaximal handgrip, pull-ups, and stair stepping with weight. Total time on treadmill was not significantly lengthened with ingestion of tyrosine (118.9 ± 1.4 min) as compared with placebo (119.2 ± 1.2 min). Total power for stair stepping (tyrosine 223 ± 8 watts, placebo 216 ± 9 watts) and muscle strength and endurance (handgrip) was not significantly improved by tyrosine ingestion. The results indicate that acute ingestion of tyrosine by healthy men has no measurable effect on endurance, muscle strength, or anaerobic power.
Bernard Liew, Kevin Netto, and Susan Morris
running capability, but they involve varying elements of survival and navigation. In order to transport equipment for survival and navigation, runners in these races often have to carry some form of load. 3 Load carriage added to locomotion has been shown to reduce physical performance, 4 which
