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Evaluation of the Match External Load in Soccer: Methods Comparison

Carlo Castagna, Matthew Varley, Susana C.A. Póvoas, and Stefano D’Ottavio

Purpose:

To test the interchangeability of 2 match-analysis approaches for external-load detection considering arbitrary selected speeds and metabolic power (MP) thresholds in male top-level soccer.

Methods:

Data analyses were performed considering match physical performance of 60 matches (1200 player cases) of randomly selected Spanish, German, and English first-division championship matches (2013–14 season). Match analysis was performed with a validated semiautomated multicamera system operating at 25 Hz.

Results:

During a match, players covered 10,673 ± 348 m, of which 1778 ± 208 m and 2759 ± 241 m were performed at high intensity, as measured using speed (≥16 km/h, HI) and metabolic power (≥20 W/kg, MPHI) notations. High-intensity notations were nearly perfectly associated (r = .93, P < .0001). A huge method bias (980.63 ± 87.82 m, d = 11.67) was found when considering MPHI and HI. Very large correlations were found between match total distance covered and MPHI (r = .84, P < .0001) and HI (r = .74, P < .0001). Player high-intensity decelerations (≥–2 m/s2) were very largely associated with MPHI (r = .73, P < .0001).

Conclusions:

The speed and MP methods are highly interchangeable at relative level (magnitude rank) but not absolute level (measure magnitude). The 2 physical match-analysis methods can be independently used to track match external load in elite-level players. However, match-analyst decisions must be based on use of a single method to avoid bias in external-load determination.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 12 (2017): Issue 4 (Apr 2017)

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Running-Intensity Fluctuations in Elite Rugby Sevens Performance

Nicola Furlan, Mark Waldron, Kathleen Shorter, Tim J. Gabbett, John Mitchell, Edward Fitzgerald, Mark A. Osborne, and Adrian J. Gray

Purpose:

To investigate temporal variation in running intensity across and within halves and evaluate the agreement between match-analysis indices used to identify fluctuations in running intensity in rugby sevens.

Methods:

Data from a 15-Hz global positioning system (GPS) were collected from 12 elite rugby sevens players during the IRB World Sevens Series (N = 21 full games). Kinematic (eg, relative distance [RD]) and energetic (eg, metabolic power [MP]) match-analysis indices were determined from velocity–time curves and used to investigate between-halves variations. Mean MP and RD were used to identify peak 2-minute periods of play. Adjacent 2-minute periods (prepeak and postpeak) were compared with peak periods to identify changes in intensity. MP and RD were expressed relative to maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and speed at V̇O2max, respectively, and compared in their ability to describe the intensity of peak periods and their temporal occurrence.

Results:

Small to moderate reductions were present for kinematic (RD; 8.9%) and energetic (MP; 6%) indices between halves. Peak periods (RD = 130 m/min, MP =13 W/kg) were higher (P < .001) than the match average (RD = 94 m/min, MP = 9.5 W/kg) and the prepeak and postpeak periods (P < .001). RD underestimated the intensity of peak periods compared with MP (bias 16%, limits of agreement [LoA] ± 6%). Peak periods identified by RD and MP were temporally dissociated (bias 21 s, LoA ± 212 s).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that running intensity varies between and within halves; however, the index used will influence both the magnitude and the temporal identification of peak periods.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 10 (2015): Issue 6 (Sep 2015)

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Factors Associated With Penalty Outcome on Male Elite Goalball

Otávio Luis Piva da Cunha Furtado, Mikko Häyrinen, Isabela dos Santos Alves, Leonardo Travitzki, and Márcio Pereira Morato

). Particularly, in the last few years, research performing match analyses of elite goalball has become more frequent ( Link & Weber, 2018 ; Molik et al., 2015 ; Monezi et al., 2019 ; Morato et al., 2018 ). Match analysis is referred to as the objective recording and investigation of behavioral events that

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 38 (2021): Issue 3 (Jul 2021)

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Are Current Physical Match Performance Metrics in Elite Soccer Fit for Purpose or Is the Adoption of an Integrated Approach Needed?

Paul S. Bradley and Jack D. Ade

depicts the generalized model using a Venn format. Three performance factors are represented in isolation and combination as circles. The regions in which factors overlap are the intersections. The area whereby all factors overlay is called the union (black dot) and denotes innovation in match analysis as

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 13 (2018): Issue 5 (May 2018)

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The Demands of Amputee Soccer Impair Muscular Endurance and Power Indices But Not Match Physical Performance

Mário A.M. Simim, Gustavo R. da Mota, Moacir Marocolo, Bruno V.C. da Silva, Marco Túlio de Mello, and Paul S. Bradley

capacity measures ( Özkan et al., 2012 ; Simim et al., 2013 , 2017 ). Thus, research has yet to examine the physiological and metabolic demands of AS match-play. The physical demands of able-bodied soccer matches have traditionally been determined using match analysis in addition to physiological and

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 35 (2018): Issue 1 (Jan 2018)

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Game Activity and Physiological Responses of Young Tennis Players in a Competition With 2 Consecutive Matches in a Day

Cesar Gallo-Salazar, Juan Del Coso, David Sanz-Rivas, and Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez

located at opposite corners of the court (ie, 2 m laterally from the doubles line and 3 m behind the baseline). After both sessions, the same expert in match analysis downloaded match data for their subsequent analysis, following previously published protocols. 1 , 24 The variables calculated from the

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 14 (2019): Issue 7 (Aug 2019)

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A Comparison of Match Load Between Padel and Singles and Doubles Tennis

Cameron Armstrong, Machar Reid, Callum Beale, and Olivier Girard

back wall. 27 Overall, stroke-pattern data from match analysis confirm that PADEL differs from SINGLES, while shot selection for DOUBLES is roughly a mix between these 2 activities. Vertical Jump Ability Decrements in explosive power and musculoskeletal stiffness measured immediately after match play

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 18 (2023): Issue 5 (May 2023)

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Current Match-Analysis Techniques’ Underestimation of Intense Periods of High-Velocity Running

Matthew C. Varley, George P. Elias, and Robert J. Aughey

Purpose:

To compare the peak 5-min period of high-velocity running (HiVR) during a soccer match using a predefined vs a rolling time interval.

Methods:

Player movement data were collected from 19 elite Australian soccer players over 11 competitive matches (77 individual match files) using a 5-Hz global-positioning system. Raw velocity data were analyzed to determine the period containing the greatest HiVR distance per match half and the distance covered in the subsequent epoch. Intervals were identified using either a predefined (distance covered in 5 min at every 5-min time point) or rolling (distance covered in 5 min from every time point) method. The percentage difference ± 90% confidence limits were used to determine differences between methods.

Results:

Predefined periods underestimated peak distance covered by up to 25% and overestimated the subsequent epoch by up to 31% compared with rolling periods. When the distance decrement between the peak and following period was determined, there was up to a 52% greater reduction in running performance using rolling periods than predefined ones.

Conclusions:

It is recommended that researchers use rolling as opposed to predefined periods when determining specific match intervals because they provide a more accurate representation of the HiVR distance covered. This will avoid underestimation of both match running distance and the decrement in running performance after an intense period of play. This may have practical implications for not only researchers but also staff involved in a club setting who use this reduction as evidence of transient fatigue during a match.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 7 (2012): Issue 2 (Jun 2012)

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Repeated High-Intensity-Effort Activity in Elite and Semielite Rugby League Match Play

Georgia M. Black and Tim J. Gabbett

Purpose:

No study has investigated the frequency and nature of repeated high-intensity-effort (RHIE) bouts across elite and semielite rugby league competitions. This study examined RHIE activity in rugby league match play across playing standards.

Participants:

36 elite and 64 semielite rugby league players.

Methods:

Global positioning system analysis was completed during 17 elite and 14 semielite matches.

Results:

The most commonly occurring RHIE bouts involved 2 efforts (2-RHIE) for both elite and semielite players. Only small differences were found in 2-RHIE activity between elite and semielite match play (effect size [ES] ≥0.31 ± 0.15, ≥88%, likely). RHIE bouts were more likely to involve contact as the number of efforts in a bout increased (ES ≥0.40 ± 0.15, 100%, almost certainly). Semielite players performed a greater proportion of 2-contact-effort RHIE bouts than their elite counterparts (68.2% vs 60.6%, ES 0.33 ± 0.15, 92%, likely), while elite players performed a greater proportion of 3-effort bouts (26.9% vs 21.1%, ES 0.31 ± 0.15, 88%, likely). Elite players also had a shorter recovery (1.00−3.99 vs ≥4.00 min) between RHIE bouts (ES ≥1.60 ± 0.71, ≥94%, likely).

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the RHIE demands of elite and semielite rugby league match play. Elite players are more likely to perform RHIE bouts consisting of 3 efforts and to have a shorter recovery time between bouts. Exposing players to these RHIE demands in training is likely to improve their ability to tolerate the most demanding passages of match play.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 10 (2015): Issue 6 (Sep 2015)

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A Comparison of the Match Demands of International and Provincial Rugby Sevens

Alex Ross, Nicholas D. Gill, and John B. Cronin

Purpose:

To compare the running demands and match activity profiles of international and provincial rugby sevens players.

Participants:

84 rugby sevens players, consisting of 16 international players from 1 team and 68 provincial players from 8 teams.

Methods:

Global positioning system analysis was completed during international and provincial tournament matches. Video analysis was also used to quantify the individual match activities during tournament matches.

Results:

Trivial to moderate differences were found in the running demands of international and provincial players, with internationals covering a greater distance at very high speed (ES = 0.30) and performing a greater number of sprints (ES = 0.80). Small differences were found between the 2 levels in all but total tackles (ES = 0.07) and defensive ruck effectiveness (ES = 0.64). International matches incurred a greater overall ball-in-play time than provincial matches (proportion ratio = 1.32).

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that both physical and technical factors distinguish international and provincial rugby sevens, although overall match demands are similar.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 10 (2015): Issue 6 (Sep 2015)