psychological technique that is gaining support and has been successfully implemented in sport is the practice of mindfulness ( Gardner & Moore, 2017 ). Mindfulness is defined as a structured mind set to being aware of the present-moment experience in an accepting, non-judging, and non-avoiding way ( Kabat
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Linda Corbally, Mick Wilkinson, and Melissa A. Fothergill
Maya Trajkovski and Aubrey Newland
to increase athletes’ performance and control internal thoughts and emotions ( Hardy et al., 1996 ). However, proponents of mindfulness suggest that present-moment focus and acceptance—rather than controlling thoughts and emotions—can aid in athletic performance enhancement ( Birrer et al., 2012
Thomas O. Minkler, Sam Zizzi, Blake Costalupes, and D. Jake Follmer
Cross-sectional and correlational research shows that dispositional mindfulness (i.e., one’s inherent propensity to be mindful) may be associated with factors conducive to sport performance such as flow and anxiety reduction ( Noetel et al., 2019 ). In one of the first studies in sport
Audrey G. Evers, Jessica A Somogie, Ian L. Wong, Jennifer D. Allen, and Adolfo G. Cuevas
, mindfulness-based interventions were found to be effective in improving symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder ( Huang et al., 2018 ). Mindfulness-based interventions have emerged as promising strategies for alleviating the burden of stress in college students and student athletes
Jenna Hussey, Robert Weinberg, and Arash Assar
to test the different attentional and anxiety theories or to examine the underlying mechanism in which perceived pressure influences the choking process; it was only to show that both attention and anxiety are key components I considered in choosing the intervention discussed herein (i.e., mindfulness
Chih-Hsiang Yang and David E. Conroy
). These findings point to the need for preventive interventions to help older adults alleviate negative affect, improve well-being, and in turn sustain better mental and physical health. Engaging in regular physical activity and mindfulness practice have both been introduced as promising strategies to
Aynollah Naderi, Fatemeh Shaabani, Hassan Gharayagh Zandi, Luís Calmeiro, and Britton W. Brewer
studies, interventions can be less effective. Despite the fact that research on mindfulness began in 1960s, the interest in mindfulness as an acute sport injury prevention strategy is recent ( Ivarsson, Johnson, Andersen, Fallby, & Altemyr, 2015 ; Ivarsson et al., 2017 ). Mindfulness is defined as an
Elaine Reiche, Kevin Lam, Francesca Genoese, and Shelby Baez
reducing risk. Mindfulness is a psychological intervention that has demonstrated reductions in injury risk, improvements in attentional control, and reductions in anxiety. Mindfulness is used to describe a psychological trait, process, or state of awareness that has been associated with improved
Justin A. Haegele, Chunxiao Li, and Wesley J. Wilson
process that is emerging as an important factor in forming and changing physical educators’ attitudes toward students with disabilities is mindfulness ( Li et al., 2019 ). Mindfulness can be described as the psychological process of bringing attention to the present moment without judgment and
Jenny Meggs and Mark Chen
intervention, and these aligned with the principles of mindfulness techniques in sport. There has been growing interest in mindfulness interventions for sports performance enhancement as reflected in a recent meta-analysis ( Buhlmayer et al., 2017 ) and systematic review ( Corbally et al., 2020 ; Noetel et
