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The Role of Perceived and Actual Motor Competency on Children’s Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness During Middle Childhood

Xiangli Gu, Katherine Thomas Thomas, and Yu-Lin Chen

Purpose:

Guided by Stodden et al.’s (2008) conceptual model, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations among perceived competence, actual motor competence (MC), physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness in elementary children. The group differences were also investigated as a function of MC levels.

Methods:

A correlational research design was used in this study. There were 262 children (Mage = 10.87, SD = .77) recruited from three schools in the southern U.S. Students’ MC was objectively measured based on a process-oriented assessment (PE Metrics, NASPE, 2010). Students self-reported perceived competence and leisure-time PA. Then, the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) and pedometers were used to measure students’ cardiorespiratory fitness and in-class PA, respectively.

Results:

The structural equation modeling analysis supported the significant indirect effect of the MC on cardiorespiratory fitness and PA through perceived competence. The MANCOVA yielded a significant main effect for MC groups after controlling for sex [Wilks’s Lambda = .838, F = 12.15 (4, 251), p < .001, η2 = .16]. Regardless of sex, children with low MC demonstrated lower perceived competence, PA, and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with children with higher MC (p < .001).

Discussion:

Development of students’ competence beliefs in PE and certain movement patterns should be emphasized, especially during middle childhood. High quality PE programs must be aligned with national standards, with particular attention to enhancing skill acquisition (standard 1) and PE-motivation (i.e., perceived competence; standard 5).

Cover Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

In Journal of Teaching in Physical Education Volume 36 (2017): Issue 4 (Oct 2017)

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Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (German Translation): Results of a Pilot Study

Matthias O. Wagner, E. Kipling Webster, and Dale A. Ulrich

The Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd Edition (TGMD-3) is a process-oriented fundamental movement skill assessment to examine the movement patterns displayed by children between the ages of 3 and 10 years. Within this paper, results of a pilot study on the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance across gender of the TGMD-3 (German translation) are presented. In total, performances of 189 typically developing children (99 boys, 90 girls, 56 kindergarten children, 133 elementary school children, M age = 7.15 ± 2.02 years) are analyzed. Results provide preliminary evidence for test-retest, interrater and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, age- and gender- specific performance trends, factorial validity, measurement invariance across gender, divergent validity, and ball skill–related concurrent and predictive validity of the TGMD-3 (German translation). Subsequent research should be focused on a verification of the present findings on a representative database to foster the application of the TGMD-3 (German translation) in different settings.

Cover Journal of Motor Learning and Development

In Journal of Motor Learning and Development Volume 5 (2017): Issue 1 (Jan 2017)

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The Effects of an Integrative, Universally Designed Motor Skill Intervention for Young Children With and Without Disabilities

Sally Taunton Miedema, Ali Brian, Adam Pennell, Lauren Lieberman, Larissa True, Collin Webster, and David Stodden

Motor competency is defined as one’s ability to perform fundamental movement skills consistently and proficiently ( Rudd et al., 2015 ). Motor proficiency is defined as one’s performance of fine motor precision; fine motor integration (visual motor integration); manual dexterity; upper limb

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 39 (2022): Issue 2 (Apr 2022)

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The Instructional Sensitivity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 to Detect Changes in Performance for Young Children With and Without Down Syndrome

Kerri L. Staples, E. Andrew Pitchford, and Dale A. Ulrich

targeted in an elementary school physical education (PE) curriculum ( Ulrich, 1985 ) and includes both locomotor and ball skills. It uses a developmental framework to examine changes in motor competency that are associated with increasing age and experience, making it a widely used assessment in both

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 38 (2021): Issue 1 (Jan 2021)

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A Network Perspective on the Relationship Between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Fundamental Motor Skills in Early Childhood

Thaynã Alves Bezerra, Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Anastácio Neco de Souza Filho, Cain Craig Truman Clark, Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva Mota, Michael Joseph Duncan, and Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins

skills. Boys were more motor competent than girls for all the assessed skills. However, girls were more active than boys during weekend days, and older children were less active on these days. Different associations between MVPA and FMS during the week and the weekend days were also described in a

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 18 (2021): Issue 7 (Jul 2021)

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The Reliability and Validation of the Aquatic Movement Protocol as an Instrument for Assessing Aquatic Motor Competence in Primary Aged Children

Nicole A. Pratt, Michael J. Duncan, Martyn G. Morris, and Samuel W. Oxford

movements ( Langendorfer & Bruya, 1995 ; Martins et al., 2015 ). Aquatic motor competence assessment is poorly understood despite swimming being a critical part of the national curriculum, it is important that further research is carried out to provide a deeper understanding of motor competency in swimming

Cover Journal of Motor Learning and Development

In Journal of Motor Learning and Development Volume 9 (2021): Issue 3 (Dec 2021)

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Changes in Physical Fitness and Sports Participation Among Children With Different Levels of Motor Competence: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study

Job Fransen, Dieter Deprez, Johan Pion, Isabel B Tallir, Eva D’Hondt, Roel Vaeyens, Matthieu Lenoir, and Renaat M. Philippaerts

The goal of this study was to investigate differences in physical fitness and sports participation over 2 years in children with relatively high, average, and low motor competence. Physical fitness and gross motor coordination of 501 children between 6–10 years were measured at baseline and baseline+2 years. The sample compromised 2 age cohorts: 6.00–7.99 and 8.00–9.99 years. An age and sex-specific motor quotient at baseline testing was used to subdivide these children into low (MQ < P33), average (P33 ≤ MQ < P66) and high (MQ ≥ P66) motor competence groups. Measures of sports participation were obtained through a physical activity questionnaire in 278 of the same children. Repeated Measures MANCOVA and two separate ANOVAs were used to analyze differences in changes in physical fitness and measures of sports participation respectively. Children with high motor competence scored better on physical fitness tests and participated in sports more often. Since physical fitness levels between groups changed similarly over time, low motor competent children might be at risk for being less physically fit throughout their life. Furthermore, since low motor competent children participate less in sports, they have fewer opportunities of developing motor abilities and physical fitness and this may further prevent them from catching up with their peers with an average or high motor competence.

Cover Pediatric Exercise Science

In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 26 (2014): Issue 1 (Jan 2014)

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INTERNATIONAL SPORT COACHING JOURNAL

DIGEST, VOLUME 9, ISSUE 1

to coaches and parents, because of their unique roles, about appropriate behaviors to obtain positive outcomes for their members. Developing Motor Competency in Youths: Perceptions and Practices of Strength and Conditioning Coaches Burton, A. M., Eisenmann, J. C., Cowburn, I., Lloyd, R. S., & Till, K

Cover International Sport Coaching Journal

In International Sport Coaching Journal Volume 9 (2022): Issue 1 (Jan 2022)

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Association of Individual Motor Abilities and Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity Measures in Preschool-Aged Children

Becky Breau, Berit Brandes, Marvin N. Wright, Christoph Buck, Lori Ann Vallis, and Mirko Brandes

Early childhood (3–5 years of age) presents a critical time for development during which children learn to move through space and acquire fundamental movement skills (FMS) such as running and jumping ( Stodden et al., 2008 ). The development of motor competency is a complex process driven by

Cover Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour

In Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour Volume 4 (2021): Issue 3 (Sep 2021)

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Are BMI, Self-Perceptions, Motor Competence, Engagement, and Fitness Related to Physical Activity in Physical Education Lessons?

Nadia Cristina Valentini, Glauber Carvalho Nobre, Mariele Santayana de Souza, and Michael J. Duncan

association between PA, BMI, self-perceptions, and motor competence (LOCS and OCS) in children aged 3–10 years, in a large sample. We addressed to what extent that BMI, motor competency, and self-perception factors were significant contributors to PA levels in physical education lessons. We found that only

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 17 (2020): Issue 5 (May 2020)