( Rosado-Pinto & Loureiro, 2020 ; Santos et al., 2022 ) demonstrated that the negative valence of consumer engagement is an emerging theme and needs further and deeper research. Considering the importance of consumer engagement to brands’ value and the limitations of extant literature, this study explores
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Consumer Engagement on Weibo in a Professional Sport Context: The Case of the Chinese Super League
Yuanyuan Cao, Ziyuan Xu, and Hirotaka Matsuoka
Interplay Between Workload and Functional Perceptual–Cognitive–Affective Responses: An Inclusive Model
Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado, Graig M. Chow, Nicole T. Gabana, Robert C. Hickner, and Gershon Tenenbaum
affect, with little change in the valence dimension of affect. After the VT, however, the continued increase in activation was coupled with a substantial shift toward negative valence. Research examining the use of a distraction strategies (e.g., music, video) during high intensity has shown to extend
Performance Leadership and Management in Elite Sport: A Black and White Issue or Different Shades of Grey?
Rachel Arnold, David Fletcher, and Jennifer A. Hobson
of their leaders’ and managers’ characteristics, including negatively valenced and socially undesirable traits, in sport contexts. This is surprising given that, according to contemporary performance- and sport-specific theories (cf. Fletcher & Arnold, 2015 ; Welty Peachey, Zhou, Damon, & Burton
Avoidance Motivation and Choking under Pressure in Soccer Penalty Shootouts
Geir Jordet and Esther Hartman
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between shot valence, avoidance behavior, and performance in soccer penalty shootouts. Video analyses were conducted with all penalty shootouts ever held in the World Cup, the European Championships, and the UEFA Champions League (n = 36 shootouts, 359 kicks). Shot valence was assessed from the potential consequences of a shot outcome as follows: Shots where a goal instantly leads to victory were classified as positive valence shots and shots where a miss instantly leads to loss as negative valence shots. Avoidance behavior was defined as looking away from the goalkeeper or preparing the shot quickly (thus speeding up the wait). The results showed that avoidance behavior occurred more with negative valence shots than with positive shots and that players with negative valence shots performed worse than those with positive shots. Thus, avoidance motivation may help explain why professional athletes occasionally choke under pressure.
The Effect of Sports Fan Identification on the Cognitive Processing of Sports News
Robert F. Potter and Justin Robert Keene
An experiment investigates the impact of fan identification on the cognitive and emotional processing of sports-related news media. Two coaches were featured; one conceptualized as negatively valenced the other positively. Participants completed a fan identification scale before stimuli presentation. While watching the press conferences, heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator muscle activity were recorded as indices of cognitive resource allocation, emotional arousal, and aversive motivation activation respectively. Self-report measures were collected after each stimulus. Results show that highly identified fans process sports-related news content differently than moderate fans, allocating more cognitive resources and exhibiting greater aversive reactions to the negatively valenced coach. Comparisons between the self-report and psychophysiology data suggest that the latter may be less susceptible to social desirability response bias when emotional reaction to sports messages are concerned.
Social Media and Sport Research: Empirical Examinations Showcasing Diversity in Methods and Topics
Jimmy Sanderson and Gashaw Abeza
argue that such negative valence can actually help sport organizations improve. Their research further indicates that fans displaying negative consumer engagement behavior are highly identified and have a profound sense of belonging to the team. Given their results, the authors argue that sport
Counseling Goals of Athletes During Injury Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Analysis
Jacob R. Schlierf, Trevor S. Jaskiw, Britton W. Brewer, and Judy L. Van Raalte
only negative valence, most (20) were also outcome goals. Due to the relatively small number of goals that were coded as outcome and those that were coded as negative valence, the overlap between two such small categories was notable. Thus, if a goal was phrased negatively it was very likely to be an
“I Do What I Like”: 8- to 10-Year-Old Children’s Physical Activity Behavior Is Already Interrelated With Their Automatic Affective Processes
Julia Limmeroth and Michaela Raboldt
of a positively or negatively valenced somatoaffective reaction (comparable with the somatic marker hypothesis; Damasio, 1994 , 1996 ). The somatoaffective reaction can be described as a “gut feeling” toward PA that results in an action impulse and, if negative, discourages a person from becoming
To Run or Not to Run? Automatic Evaluations and Reflective Attitudes Toward Exercise
Julia Limmeroth and Norbert Hagemann
positively valenced region (situation) or, on the other hand, repulsed by a (in her or his eyes) negatively valenced region. ART suggests that momentary affective responses to a situation can, for some people, act as such a restraining force holding them back in the present situation, for example, by
Affect and Performance Across Double-Elimination Tournaments: A Field Study of Super Smash Bros Competitors
Kyle Nolla, Paul Reber, and Mark Beeman
response to challenge, regardless of emotional valence ( Jamieson, 2018 ). This definition has been used previously in esports research ( Leis & Lautenbach, 2020 ), although not exclusively, as some researchers prefer to define stress as negatively valenced arousal (i.e., Griffith & Sharpe, 2024
