Around the world, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for an estimated 41 million deaths annually, representing 71% of all deaths. 1 Low- and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate burden of NCDs: individuals living in developing countries face 1.5 times higher risk of
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Temporal and Spatial Trends From Counterfactual Scenarios of Physical Activity on Mortality, Years of Life Lost, and Life Expectancy Due to Noncommunicable Diseases in Argentina
Christian García-Witulski
Prevalence and Correlates of Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18–69 Years in India: Findings From the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey
Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, and Prashant Mathur
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and stroke account for 71% of global deaths each year (41 million people approximately). 1 The risk of death due to NCDs increases with increased tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and
Clustering of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazilian Adolescents: Prevalence and Correlates
Felipe Vogt Cureau, Paola Duarte, Daniela Lopes dos Santos, and Felipe Fossati Reichert
Background:
Few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among Brazilian adolescents. We evaluated the clustering of risk factors and their associations with sociodemographic variables.
Methods:
We used a cross-sectional study carried out in 2011 comprising 1132 students aged 14–19 years from Santa Maria, Brazil. The cluster index was created as the sum of the risk factors. For the correlates analysis, a multinomial logistic regression was used. Furthermore, the observed/expected ratio was calculated.
Results:
Prevalence of individual risk factors studied was as follows: 85.8% unhealthy diets, 53.5% physical inactivity, 31.3% elevated blood pressure, 23.9% overweight, 22.3% excessive drinking alcohol, and 8.6% smoking. Only 2.8% of the adolescents did not present any risk factor, while 21.7%, 40.9%, 23.1%, and 11.5% presented 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more risk factors, respectively. The most prevalent combination was between unhealthy diets and physical inactivity (observed/expected ratio =1.32; 95% CI: 1.16–1.49). Clustering of risk factors was directly associated with age and inversely associated with socioeconomic status.
Conclusions:
Clustering of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases is high in Brazilian adolescents. Preventive strategies are more likely to be successful if focusing on multiple risk factors, instead of a single one.
Effect of Physical Inactivity on Major Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in Brazil
Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende, Fabiana Maluf Rabacow, Juliana Yukari Kodaira Viscondi, Olinda do Carmo Luiz, Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo, and I-Min Lee
Background:
In Brazil, one-fifth of the population reports not doing any physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), all-cause mortality and life expectancy in Brazil, by region and sociodemographic profile.
Methods:
We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for physical inactivity associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, colon cancer, and all-cause mortality. To calculate the PAF, we used the physical inactivity prevalence from the 2008 Brazilian Household Survey and relative risk data in the literature.
Results:
In Brazil, physical inactivity is attributable to 3% to 5% of all major NCDs and 5.31% of all-cause mortality, ranging from 5.82% in the southeastern region to 2.83% in the southern region. Eliminating physical inactivity would increase the life expectancy by an average of 0.31 years. This reduction would affect mainly individuals with ≥ 15 years of schooling, male, Asian, elderly, residing in an urban area and earning ≥ 2 times the national minimum wage.
Conclusions:
In Brazil, physical inactivity has a major impact on NCDs and mortality, principally in the southeastern and central-west regions. Public policies and interventions promoting physical activity will significantly improve the health of the population.
A Critique of National Physical Activity Policy in Oman Using 3 Established Policy Frameworks
Huda Al Siyabi, Ruth M. Mabry, Amal Al Siyabi, and Karen Milton
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for over 70% of deaths worldwide. 1 Insufficient physical activity (defined as <150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week) is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, as well as increased risk of developing a wide range
Promoting Physical Activity Policy: The Development of the MOVING Framework
Kate Oldridge-Turner, Margarita Kokkorou, Fiona Sing, Knut-Inge Klepp, Harry Rutter, Arnfinn Helleve, Bryony Sinclair, Louise Meincke, Giota Mitrou, Martin Wiseman, and Kate Allen
Considering the large health 1 and economic burden 1 of physical inactivity, investing in physical activity promotion is a “best buy” for public health 2 , 3 and noncommunicable disease (NCD) and obesity prevention. 4 However, despite the well-established evidence of the necessity for, and
Associations of Light, Moderate to Vigorous, and Total Physical Activity With the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in 4,652 Community-Dwelling 70-Year-Olds: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Marcel Ballin, Peter Nordström, and Anna Nordström
,901 inhabitants, of which 1,324 were aged 70 years. The HAI has been ongoing since it was initiated back in May 2012 and aims to identify traditional and novel risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, falls, and fractures among all 70-year-old individuals in Umeå. The eligibility criteria are being a resident
Better Late Than Never?! Five Compelling Reasons for Putting Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries High Up on the Public Health Research Agenda
Katja Siefken, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Temo Waqanivalu, and Nico Schulenkorf
Since 2020, the world has been navigating an epidemiologic transition with both infectious diseases (COVID-19) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) intertwined in complex and diverse ways. In fact, the pandemics of physical inactivity, NCDs, and COVID-19 coincide in a tragically impactful ménage à
Global Public Health Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior for People Living With Chronic Conditions: A Call to Action
Paddy C. Dempsey, Christine M. Friedenreich, Michael F. Leitzmann, Matthew P. Buman, Estelle Lambert, Juana Willumsen, and Fiona Bull
Chronic conditions—including noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and some communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—are diseases of long duration, slow progression, and generally requiring ongoing
Metabolic Syndrome, Physical Activity, and Medication-Related Expenditures: A Longitudinal Analysis
Ítalo R. Lemes, Rômulo A. Fernandes, Bruna C. Turi-Lynch, Jamile S. Codogno, Luana C. de Morais, Kelly A.K. Koyama, and Henrique L. Monteiro
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MetS worldwide is increasing. There is no study investigating the economic burden of MetS, especially in developing countries, on medication-related expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of medication-related expenditures with MetS and to explore how physical activity (PA) may influence this association. Methods: A total of 620 participants, 50 years or older, randomly selected in the city of Bauru, Brazil. Participants were followed from 2010 to 2014, and data on health care expenditure were collected annually. PA questionnaire was applied at baseline, 2 (2012), and 4 (2014) years later. Results: Mean age was 64.7 (95% confidence interval, 64.1–65.3). MetS was associated with higher medication expenditure related to diseases of the circulatory (P <.01) and endocrine (P <.01) systems. MetS explained 17.2% of medication-related expenditures, whereas PA slightly attenuated this association, explaining 1.1% of all health care costs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MetS has a significant burden on health care expenditures among adults, whereas PA seems to affect this phenomenon significantly, but in low magnitude.
