Observation of performance forms a critical part of the complex coaching process. A professional judgment and decision making (PJDM) framework enables optimum decisions to be made under time pressure and with limited information that derive from that observation. Observation and the associated decision making can be particularly affected by heuristic bias. We extend the work on PJDM via a greater focus on its relationship with observation within the coaching process. After revisiting PJDM and observation, we introduce and explore heuristics as a “tool” within the observation process. Specifically, we propose that observation is prone to heuristics built on a coach’s experience and understanding. We report on a small scale preliminary investigation with a group of high-level paddle sport coaches. We identify heuristics that both restrict and enhance the effectiveness of the observation in an effort to promote discussion and further research.
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Scott Simon, Loel Collins, and Dave Collins
Adam M. Bruton, Stephen D. Mellalieu, and David A. Shearer
The purpose of this multistudy investigation was to examine observation as an intervention for the manipulation of individual collective efficacy beliefs. Study 1 compared the effects of positive, neutral, and negative video footage of practice trials from an obstacle course task on collective efficacy beliefs in assigned groups. The content of the observation intervention (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative video footage) significantly influenced the direction of change in collective efficacy (p < .05). Study 2 assessed the influence of content familiarity (own team/sport vs. unfamiliar team/sport) on individual collective efficacy perceptions when observing positive footage of competitive basketball performance. Collective efficacy significantly increased for both the familiar and unfamiliar conditions postintervention, with the largest increase for the familiar condition (p < .05). The studies support the use of observation as an intervention to enhance individual perceptions of collective efficacy in group-based activities. The findings suggest that observations of any group displaying positive group characteristics are likely to increase collective efficacy beliefs; however, observation of one’s own team leads to the greatest increases.
Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino, Rodrigo S. Reis, Isabela C. Ribeiro, Diana C. Parra, Ross C. Brownson, and Rogerio C. Fermino
Background:
Open public spaces have been identified as important facilities to promote physical activity (PA) at the community level. The main goals of this study are to describe open public spaces user's characteristics and to explore to what extent these characteristics are associated with PA behavior.
Methods:
A system of direct observation was used to evaluate the PA levels on parks and squares (smaller parks) and users's characteristics (gender and age). The 4 parks and 4 squares observed were selected from neighborhoods with different socioeconomic status and environmental characteristics. The settings were observed 3 times a day, 6 days per week, during 2 weeks.
Results:
More men than women were observed in parks (63.1%) and squares (70.0%) as well as more adults and adolescents than older adults and children. Users were more physically active in parks (men = 34.1%, women = 36.1%) than in squares (men = 25.5%, women 22.8%).
Conclusions:
The characteristics of public open spaces may affect PA in the observed places. Initiatives to improve PA levels in community settings should consider users' characteristics and preferences to be more effective and reach a larger number of people.
Leilani Madrigal
behaviors in soccer included playing with and recovering from injury, meticulous preparation, and match-specific behavior. Using a more systematic approach, Diment ( 2014 ) explored mental toughness during competition (i.e., soccer) by using a systematic observation process ( Brewer & Jones, 2002 ) and
Stefan Panzer, Christina Pfeifer, Peter Leinen, and Charles Shea
In a dyad training protocol, the performers acquire a new skill in pairs to gain performance advantages ( Shebilske et al., 1992 ). In one form of dyad training, individuals alternate between physical practice and observational practice on consecutive trials and are often permitted an intertrial
Nicola Taylor, David Giles, Micha Panáčková, James Mitchell, Joel Chidley, and Nick Draper
spite of this, there has been limited development and use of observational instruments for climbing performance. In part, this may be attributed to the complexities of climbing, which allow for multiple movement solutions to successfully ascend a route and which also depend on dynamic interactions
Sarah Lawrason, Jennifer Turnnidge, Luc J. Martin, and Jean Côté
can change their real-time behaviors through training ( Turnnidge & Côté, 2018 ). Consequently, calls have been advanced to complement questionnaire findings using systematic observation to assess changes in the real-time behavioral profiles of coaches after their participation in coach
Laura St. Germain, Amanda M. Rymal, and David J. Hancock
components (e.g., practice scheduling, type of feedback, and timing of feedback; Schmidt & Lee, 2014 ), including a learner’s ability to select relevant performance-related cues on which to focus. One method for attending to critical cues is by employing observational learning ( Bandura, 1977
Ariel J. Dimler, Kimberley McFadden, and Tara-Leigh F. McHugh
( Smith, 2004 ). In addition to interviews, observation was employed in this study to support a more in-depth understanding of the pole fitness context and how this context may shape the positive body image experiences of women. Such detailed understandings supported us as researchers when we sought to
Eleanor Quested, Nikos Ntoumanis, Andreas Stenling, Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani, and Jennie E. Hancox
-Based Observational Tools Observation is a methodological approach that involves having trained observers follow a specified protocol to record observed dialogue or behavior ( Darst, Zakrajsek, & Mancini, 1989 ). In the sport and education context, there have been several attempts to employ SDT-based observation
