numerous barriers they face when seeking help. Barriers faced by student-athletes include stigma ( Gulliver, Griffiths, & Christensen, 2012 ), a lack of time ( Lopez & Levy, 2013 ), and a less favorable attitude toward help-seeking when compared to non-athletes ( Watson, 2005 ). Online counseling (OC
Search Results
Matthew D. Bird, Graig M. Chow, Gily Meir, and Jaison Freeman
Matthew D. Bird and Brandonn S. Harris
Internet-based technology has been described as “online counseling” ( Rochlen, Zack, & Speyer, 2004 ). When practitioners connect with clients in this manner, a wide variety of technologies can be incorporated for service provision. These include, but are not limited to, landline telephones ( Lichtenstein
Levy Silva Rezende, Markus Brendon Lima, and Emanuel Péricles Salvador
level among subjects with SCI. In the scientific literature, different strategies have been used to promote PA, including discussion of the benefits and barriers associated with the adoption of an active lifestyle, reference to PA programs, use of educational materials (printed or online), counseling
Dean R. Watson, Andrew P. Hill, and Daniel J. Madigan
closedness). Once these athletes show more engagement, potential interventions that could be successful in reducing stigma and increasing openness include online counseling ( Bird, Chow, Meir, & Freeman, 2018 ) and brief psychoeducation workshops ( Saporito, Ryan, & Teachman, 2011 ). Self-help techniques may
