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The Influence of Confucianism on Para-Sport Activism

Inhyang Choi, Damian Haslett, Javier Monforte, and Brett Smith

Para-sport activism is gaining attention around the world due to the potential of disabled elite athletes to highlight forms of oppression that disabled people experience, such as negative attitudes, inaccessible environments, or social exclusion (see Haslett & Smith, 2020 ). In Para-sport

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Understanding Injury and Injury Prevention in Para Sport Athletes

Shana E. Harrington, Sean McQueeney, and Marcus Fearing

challenge to Para sport competition is the threat of one-sided and predictable competition, in which the least impaired athlete always wins. 6 In Olympic competition, the results of a competition are based on each athlete’s skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability, and mental focus. 7 To promote

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The Volunteer Experience in a Para-Sport Event: An Autoethnography

Erik L. Lachance and Milena M. Parent

through a focus on the impacts and interrelationships of satisfaction, motivation, commitment, and sense of community, rather than a single outcome (e.g., satisfaction). An additional issue within the sport (event) volunteer literature pertains to research on para-sport (event) volunteers. In comparison

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Investigating Patterns of Donor and Recipient Sports of Talent Transfer Paralympians

Adeline Green, Rory Mulcahy, David Fleischman, Luke MacDonald, and Bridie Kean

, artistic, martial arts, and “other”; Gullich & Emrich, 2012 ). Despite such noted practice and reported benefits in able-bodied sports, less emphasis has been placed on considering talent transfer in para-sport. Talent transfer has arguably even more potential for success in para-sports due to unique

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Para Sport Development Experiences: Perspectives of Para Swimmers and Parents

Darda Sales and Laura Misener

due, in part, to a general lack of research into para sport ( Jaarsma et al., 2014 ). Dehghansai et al. ( 2017 ) conducted a systematic review of the literature related to the development of para athletes showing only four articles focused on long-term development frameworks. Mann et al. ( 2017

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Evaluating the Validity of Tests to Predict Sprint and Change of Direction Speed in Para-Athletes With Brain Impairments

Raul Reina, Emma M. Beckman, Mark J. Connick, Jemima G. Spathis, and Sean M. Tweedy

Para-sport classification systems aim to minimize the impact of eligible impairment types on the outcome of sports competition and thereby promote participation in competitive sport by people with disabilities ( Tweedy & Vanlandewijck, 2011 ). A valid para-sports class is one that comprises

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Time−Motion Characteristics and Physiological Responses of Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy in Two Small-Sided Games and a Simulated Game

Matías Henríquez, Aitor Iturricastillo, Arturo González-Olguín, Felipe Herrera, Sonny Riquelme, and Raul Reina

modifications in the rules (e.g., five substitutions, no offside) and the field dimensions (i.e., 70 × 50 m) to be played by para-athletes with eligible impairments of hypertonia, ataxia, or dyskinesia. Despite the adaptations included in this para-sport, a lot of training methods are used with CP Football

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Performance Analysis in Football-Specific Tests by Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy: Implications for Evidence-Based Classification

Javier Yanci, Daniel Castillo, Aitor Iturricastillo, Astrid Aracama, Alba Roldan, and Raúl Reina

Football (soccer) for people with cerebral palsy (CP) is a para-sport regulated at the international level by the International Federation of Cerebral Palsy Football. It is a sport discipline that is practiced by footballers with central neurological injuries like CP, traumatic brain injury, or

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Promoting Para Athlete Activism: Critical Insights From Key Stakeholders in Ireland

Damian Haslett, Javier Monforte, Inhyang Choi, and Brett Smith

Academic literature highlights arguments for and against promoting disability activism through Para sport contexts (see Haslett & Smith, 2020 ). One argument against promoting disability activism is that the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has been, historically, a source of annoyance

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Neuromuscular Responses and Physiological Changes During Small-Sided Games in Wheelchair Basketball

Aitor Iturricastillo, Javier Yanci, and Cristina Granados

The aim was to analyze the changes of physical performance and physiological responses during a high-intensity training task in wheelchair basketball (WB) players. Thirteen Spanish first division WB male players participated in this study. A test battery (change of direction ability, sprints, and sled towing) was performed to study neuromuscular responses before (pre) and after (post) the small-sided games (SSG). Furthermore, tympanic temperature and blood lactate concentration were measured before and immediately after players finished the SSG. The SSG tasks consisted in four players against four, 4 bouts of 4 min with 2 min of recovery periods. There was a 1.10% decline in performance in both 5- and 20-m sprints (p < .01; effect size [ES] ≤ 0.14), 1.82% decline in 5-m sled towing (p < .05; ES = 0.18), and 2.68% decline in 20-m sled towing (p < .01; ES = 0.27) between pre- and post-SSG. As in physical performance results, significant differences were observed between pre and post in physiological markers, with increasing tympanic temperature (36.21 ± 0.60 °C to 36.97 ± 0.59 °C; p < .001; ES = 1.27) and blood lactate concentrations (1.95 ± 1.30 mmol/L to 5.84 ± 2.04 mmol/L; p < .001; ES = 2.99) after SSG. The SSG produced a decrease in sprint and sled towing performance after 16 min of intense exercise. Moreover, the decrease in physical performance was accompanied with an increase in physiological responses. These neuromuscular responses could be similar in the real game; thus, coaching staff could benefit from this information when changing bench players.