The purpose of this study was to determine if persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit differences in patellofemoral joint reaction forces (PFJRFs) during functional activities. Forty females (20 PFP, 20 controls) underwent two phases of data collection: (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) biomechanical analysis during walking, running, stair ascent, and stair descent. A previously described three-dimensional model was used to estimate PFJRFs. Resultant PFJRFs and the orthogonal components were reported. The PFP group demonstrated lower peak resultant PFJRFs and posterior component and superior component of the PFJRFs compared with the control group across all conditions. However, the PFP group had a higher peak lateral component of the PFJRF in three out of the four conditions evaluated. The lower resultant PFJRFs suggested that individuals with PFP may employ strategies to minimize patellofemoral joint loading, but it did not result in diminished lateral forces acting on the patella.
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Yu-Jen Chen and Christopher M. Powers
Thomas G. Almonroeder, Emily Watkins, and Tricia Widenhoefer
Patellofemoral pain is relatively common in young, active females. 1 , 2 Unfortunately, the presence of patellofemoral pain during adolescence and/or early adulthood can limit participation in physical activity 3 and appears to be associated with the development of future patellofemoral joint
Abbigail Ristow, Matthew Besch, Drew Rutherford, and Thomas W. Kernozek
running, jumping, or climbing stairs, and symptoms commonly increase with continued participation. 2 Multiple studies have indicated a relationship between increased patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS) and PFP, 3 , 4 patellofemoral joint reaction force (PFJRF), 5 reduced patellofemoral joint contact area
Thomas W. Kernozek, Naghmeh Gheidi, Matthew Zellmer, Jordan Hove, Becky L. Heinert, and Michael R. Torry
where there are increased patellofemoral joint (PFJ) compressive loads. 6 Most studies theorize that PFPS is related to symptoms due to excessive patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS). 1 , 7 , 8 Athletes with PFPS often limit their activity, and PFPS has been reported to be a precursor to knee
Seong-won Han, Andrew Sawatsky, Azim Jinha, and Walter Herzog
spectrum of the population, including a general, nonspecific group, 7 , 8 physically active people, 4 , 9 young/adolescents, 8 , 10 , 11 and older adults. 12 It has been suggested that patellofemoral pain may potentially lead to osteoarthritis in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). 13 – 15 Despite the
Michael A. Samaan, Valentina Pedoia, Matthew S. Tanaka, Richard B. Souza, C. Benjamin Ma, and Xiaojuan Li
. 9 These altered kinematic patterns may induce abnormal knee joint loading during activities of daily living, such as walking, 5 , 10 which leads to the high incidence (25%–50%) of radiographic patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis observed at 7 to 15 years after ACLR. 11 – 14 Quantitative magnetic
Christina Olbrantz, Jamie Bergelin, Jill Asmus, Thomas Kernozek, Drew Rutherford, and Naghmeh Gheidi
predominance of PFP in young, active adults, estimating a 2-fold higher incidence in women. 1 There is currently a lack of consensus concerning the etiology of PFP due to the multifactorial nature of the disorder. 1 – 3 However, recent studies indicate increased patellofemoral joint stress to be an
Yu-Jen Chen, Irving Scher, and Christopher M. Powers
The purpose of this study was to describe an imaging based, subject specific model that was developed to quantify patellofemoral joint reaction forces (PFJRF’s). The secondary purpose was to test the model in a group of healthy individuals while performing various functional tasks. Twenty healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females) were recruited. All participants underwent two phases of data collection: 1) magnetic resonance imaging of the knee, patellofemoral joint, and thigh, and 2) kinematic, kinetic and EMG analysis during walking, running, stair ascent, and stair descent. Using data obtained from MRI, a subject specific representation of the extensor mechanism was created. Individual gait data were used to drive the model (via an optimization routine) and three-dimensional vasti muscle forces and subsequent three-dimensional PFJRF’s were computed. The average peak PFJRF was found to be highest during running (58.2 N/kg-bwt), followed by stair ascent (33.9 N/kg-bwt), stair descent (27.9 N/kg-bwt), and walking (10.1 N/kg-bwt). No differences were found between males and females. For all conditions, the direction of the PFJRF was always in the posterior, superior, and lateral directions. The posterior component of the PFJRF always had the greatest magnitude, followed by superior and lateral components. Our results indicate that estimates of the magnitude and direction of the PFJRF during functional tasks can be obtained using a 3D-imaging based model.
Rafael F. Escamilla, Naiquan Zheng, Toran D. MacLeod, Rodney Imamura, Shangcheng Wang, Kevin E. Wilk, Kyle Yamashiro, and Glenn S. Fleisig
and transverse plane movements of the femur, which is half of the patellofemoral joint. Thigh strengthening, especially the quadriceps, helps properly control the patella, which is the other half of the patellofemoral joint. Exercises like the forward lunge that strengthen both hip and thigh
