. 13 This has been supported by a number of randomized control studies; 14 – 16 however, other evidence suggests that observed benefits are primarily a placebo effect 17 , 18 directly relating to the challenges of masking the sham control. The most common control condition mimics an IPC setup using
Search Results
Ischemic Preconditioning: Improved Cycling Performance Despite Nocebo Expectation
Christian P. Cheung, Joshua T. Slysz, and Jamie F. Burr
Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Interfere With the Acute Caffeine Supplementation Effects on Strength Endurance and Jumping Performance in Trained Individuals
Vitor de Salles Painelli, Emerson L. Teixeira, Bruno Tardone, Marina Moreno, Jonatas Morandini, Victória H. Larrain, and Flávio O. Pires
study. Participants underwent three experimental trials (separated by at least 4 days apart) after preliminary visits: caffeine supplementation (CAF), placebo supplementation (PLA), and no supplement (control [CON]). Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental trials using a Latin Square
Improved 1000-m Running Performance and Pacing Strategy With Caffeine and Placebo: A Balanced Placebo Design Study
Philip Hurst, Lieke Schipof-Godart, Florentina Hettinga, Bart Roelands, and Chris Beedie
The placebo effect is a desirable outcome resulting from a person’s belief and/or learned response to a treatment or situation. 1 Although there is considerable evidence for the effect placebos can have on sport performance, 2 empirical evidence in sport and exercise science has remained largely
Perception of Breakfast Ingestion Enhances High-Intensity Cycling Performance
Stephen A. Mears, Kathryn Dickinson, Kurt Bergin-Taylor, Reagan Dee, Jack Kay, and Lewis J. James
training stimulus. 11 , 12 From a physiological standpoint, despite small decreases in liver glycogen stores overnight, 13 fasted exercise should not impair short-duration performance, and therefore any influences on performance or self-selected intensity may be a result of a placebo effect. The placebo
The Potential to Change Pacing and Performance During 4000-m Cycling Time Trials Using Hyperoxia and Inspired Gas-Content Deception
Michael J. Davies, Bradley Clark, Laura A. Garvican-Lewis, Marijke Welvaert, Christopher J. Gore, and Kevin G. Thompson
(placebo effect). Conversely, a negative experience in HYPER-DEC in other trial orders may have induced a nocebo effect that manifested in subsequent performances. 30 However, this is unlikely given no participant indicated awareness of deception nor could they correctly identify the administered gas
No Differences Between Beetroot Juice and Placebo on Competitive 5-km Running Performance: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Philip Hurst, Samantha Saunders, and Damian Coleman
recreationally active participants ( N = 7) and reported improvements of 16% compared with placebo. Similarly, Vanhatalo et al. ( 2010 ) reported that both acute (1 day) and chronic (15 days) 0.5-L dietary nitrate supplementation improved steady-state V ˙ O 2 during moderate-intensity exercise by ∼4% in
Both Caffeine and Placebo Improve Vertical Jump Performance Compared With a Nonsupplemented Control Condition
Jozo Grgic, Sandro Venier, and Pavle Mikulic
The acute ergogenic effects of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance are well established. 1 – 3 Traditionally, the effects of caffeine on exercise performance are explored by testing the subjects after they ingest caffeine on one occasion and placebo on another occasion. In such a
The Effect of Information Placebo on Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Children
Shira Fanti-Oren, Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli, Alon Eliakim, Michal Pantanowitz, Dana Schujovitzky, and Dan Nemet
A placebo is an inert treatment that simulates biomedical intervention ( 25 ). Placebos have been used successfully for centuries to alleviate various illness symptoms ( 14 ). They have also been used for years as control treatments in clinical trials of biochemically potent medications ( 23 ). The
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Critical Swimming Velocity: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study
Cesar L. Teixeira, Paulo V. Mezzaroba, and Fabiana A. Machado
exhaustion. The distance covered after PBM application was greater (1.96 [0.30] km) than placebo (PLA; 1.84 [0.40] km). Time until exhaustion was also longer after PBM application (780.2 [91.0] s) than placebo (742.1 [94.0] s). Also, Lanferdini et al 1 conducted a study with 20 male competitive cyclists who
Autologous Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic
Cori Sinnott, Hayley M. White, Jennifer W. Cuchna, and Bonnie L. Van Lunen
Clinical Scenario:
Achilles tendinopathy is a painful condition commonly affecting the general and athletic population. It presents with localized pain, stiffness, and swelling in the midportion of the Achilles tendon. The physical stress placed on the tendon results in microtrauma, which leads to subsequent inflammation and degeneration. While it is not surprising that this condition affects the physically active, nearly one-third of Achilles tendinopathy cases occur in sedentary individuals. Etiology for this condition stems from a change in loading patterns and/or overuse of the tendon, resulting in microscopic tearing and degenerative changes. There are numerous causes contributing to the maladaptive response in these patients, such as mechanical, age-related, genetic, and vascular factors. The treatment for these patients is typically load management and eccentric strengthening of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex. Unfortunately, conservative treatment can lead to surgical intervention in up to 45% of cases. A relatively new phenomenon in the treatment of this condition is the use of autologous blood injections (ABI) and platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPI). This need for a less invasive treatment fostered more investigation into ABI and PRPI to treat these nonresponsive patients. However, the evidence concerning the effectiveness of these treatments in patients with Achilles tendinopathy has not been synthesized.
Focused Clinical Question:
In patients with Achilles tendinopathy, how do variations of ABI and PRPI compared with a placebo and/or eccentric training affect pain and function?
