The concept of canonical representations within the motor system has been both supported and refuted using a variety of behavioral studies. Here, based upon neurophysiological data, I discuss the relationship amongst those neuronal substrates of action and the behavioral components of a movement. A novel view of reaching and grasping has been proposed which predicts that movements with similar kinematic and dynamic properties have a similar representation within the nervous system (Smeets & Brenner, 1999). However this is broadly inconsistent with a variety of neurophysiological findings that emphasize the independence amongst representations of action.
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Claudia Armbrüster and Will Spijkers
In three experiments the influence of different consecutive movements on an initial reaching and prehension movement was examined. These so-called after-grasp movements, defined as movements following a prehension movement towards an object, were lifting and raising the object, throwing the object in a bin, and positioning it accurately on a target location. Three different groups of participants (N 1 = 8, N 2 = 10, N 3 = 10) accomplished the lifting and one of the three other after-grasp movements each with three different object sizes and with the left and the right hand. In total, each participant executed 240 trials. Fourteen movement parameter values were examined to analyze the effects of the after-grasp movements on the initial reach and grasp movement. The results showed that movement parameter values of the initial reach and grasp movement were affected differently depending on the type of consecutive movement. In particular, the deceleration phase prior to object contact differed between movement types.
Stella Maris Michaelsen, Eliane C. Magdalon, and Mindy F. Levin
Decreased dexterity in chronic stroke survivors results in diminished hand use and impacts quality of life. We studied reach-and-grasp coordination and aperture scaling during reach to grasp using different grasp types and object sizes (33–55mm). Chronic stroke survivors with hand paresis and controls grasped cylinders with the whole hand or fingertips. Three stroke subjects with more severe hand paresis had disrupted reach/grasp coordination and used compensatory strategies for arm transport and/or grasping. Nine stroke subjects with less severe paresis scaled aperture to cylinder diameter (p < .001) but had slower movements, used excessive trunk movement, and had prolonged deceleration times. Relative time to maximal grip aperture (TMA) occurred earlier in stroke subjects and in both groups when grasping the small cylinder (p < .002). Despite deficits in reach and grasp, chronic stroke survivors with mild to moderate hand paresis may retain grip aperture scaling to object size for different grasp types.
Swati M. Surkar, Rashelle M. Hoffman, Brenda Davies, Regina Harbourne, and Max J. Kurz
, & Rosenbaum, 2006 ); 3) children with HCP who were able to reach and grasp an object at arm distance with the affected and the less affected arm; and 4) children who were able to comprehend and follow instructions. Age equivalent TD children were included. The exclusion criteria were 1) children with notable
Ran Zheng, Ilana D. Naiman, Jessica Skultety, Steven R. Passmore, Jim Lyons, and Cheryl M. Glazebrook
compared with TD people in choice reaction time tasks ( Nazarali et al., 2009 ; Rinehart et al., 2001 ; Rinehart, Bellgrove, et al., 2006 ), goal-directed reaching movements ( Glazebrook, Elliott, & Lyons, 2006 ), and reach and grasp movements ( Mari, Castiello, Marks, Marraffa, & Prior, 2003 ). The
Mindy F. Levin and Daniele Piscitelli
manipulation . In K.M.B. Bennet & U. Castiello (Eds.), Insights in reach and grasp movement (pp. 239 – 265 ). Elsevier-Biosoft . Aldabe , D. , Milosavljevic , S. , & Bussey , M.D. ( 2012 ). Is pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain associated with altered kinematic, kinetic and motor control
Victoria Galea, Robyn Traynor, and Michael Pierrynowski
most finger-tapping studies where the slowest pace is of the order of 90 beats/min ( Sundqvist, Johnels, Lindh, Laakso, & Hartelius, 2016 ), but it was set because of the complexity of the motor strategy required for a reach and grasp task. Trials containing an IRI that deviated from the ideal interval
Marzie Balali, Shahab Parvinpour, and Mohsen Shafizadeh
). Coupling of the reach and grasp phase during catching in children with developmental coordination disorder . Journal of Motor Behavior, 40 ( 4 ), 315 – 324 . PubMed ID: 18628108 doi:10.3200/JMBR.40.4.315-324 10.3200/JMBR.40.4.315-324 Barnett , L.M. , Van Beurden , E. , Morgan , P.J. , Brooks , L
Jane E. Clark, Farid Bardid, Nancy Getchell, Leah E. Robinson, Nadja Schott, and Jill Whitall
technology to enhance his scientific method in the study of fine motor patterns. Study Summary Halverson studied and filmed typically developing infants ages 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 52 weeks ( n ≥ 12 for each age) as they sat at a table and reached and grasped 1-inch (2.54 cm) cubes in three
Ryota Nishiyori and Beverly D. Ulrich
ability to control their bodies and produce new functional patterns is astounding. By 4 months, babies are able to hold their heads aligned with their trunks when we hold them upright at our shoulders. They can sit alone for 30 seconds if we provide them with some support. They can reach and grasp
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