Cognitive testing is commonly utilized in sports medicine. 1 These assessments analyze many facets of cognition, reaction time being a commonly evaluated construct. 1 There are different types of reaction time such as simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and discriminate reaction time
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Computerized Cognitive Function Does Not Correlate With Choice Reaction Time During a Hopping Task
Ke’La H. Porter, Nathan Morelli, Nicholas R. Heebner, Jenna Wilson, Allison M. Parks, Dong Y. Han, and Matthew C. Hoch
A Combination of Physical and Cognitive Exercise Improves Reaction Time in Persons 61–84 Years Old
Julia León, Aurelio Ureña, Manuel Jorge Bolaños, Alfonso Bilbao, and Antonio Oña
We have compared the effects of different 12-week exercise programs on simple and choice reaction and movement times in persons 61 to 84 years old. One hundred thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to either a control group, a two-day exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic exercises), or a two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group (two 60-min sessions a week of aerobic and cognitive exercises). At follow-up, the aerobic and cognitive exercise program was found to have resulted in significant positive effects. Improvements were found in the two-day physical plus cognitive exercise group in all of the reaction parameters, particularly improvement in choice reaction time, which is used in most daily activities. Our results suggest that to improve reaction time values, it is advisable to include cognitive features into a physical exercise routine.
Reaction Time Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Critically Appraised Topic
Kelsey A. Marshall and Nicole J. Chimera
Clinical Scenario Reaction time is an important neurological process that is defined as the time interval between the application of a stimulus and a voluntary response. 1 Specifically for athletes, reaction time is linked not only to performance (being able to react quickly to an opponent
Test–Retest Reliability of a Functional Reaction Time Assessment Battery
Robert C. Lynall, Rachel S. Johnson, Landon B. Lempke, and Julianne D. Schmidt
Reaction time (RT) is commonly assessed after injury and as a sport performance indicator. RT is negatively affected after concussion 1 and orthopedic injury. 2 Quicker RT is associated with better professional baseball batting performance 3 and improved sport performance in elite youth soccer
Effects of Response Task on Reaction Time and the Detection of Affordances
Gert-Jan Pepping and François-Xavier Li
Studies on affordance perception commonly report systematic errors; a finding that is at odds with the observation that everyday motor behavior is accurate. The present study investigated whether the means by which perceptual performance is measured could explain the reported errors. Perception of overhead reachability and reaction time were measured using a verbal and an actual reaching response in a standing reach, and a reach-and-jump. Results show that participants accurately perceived their action boundaries for both tasks and in both response conditions. A simple reach, however, took less time to initiate (1,094 ms) than a reach-and jump (1,214 ms). Interestingly, the verbal response took considerably more time to initiate (1,424 ms) than the actual reach (1,154 ms). These results suggest that making verbal judgments about affordances is a different task than actually acting on them. It is therefore concluded that the use of conscious judgments to measure perceptual performance should be considered with care.
Aging Effects on Visual Reaction Time in a Single Task Condition and When Treadmill Walking
William A. Sparrow, Rezaul K. Begg, and Suzanne Parker
Visual reaction time (RT) was measured in 10 older men (mean age, 71.1 years) and gender-matched controls (mean age, 26.3 years) when standing (single task) and when walking on a motor-driven treadmill (dual task). There were 90 quasirandomly presented trials over 15 min in each condition. Longer mean and median RTs were observed in the dual task compared to the single task. Older males had significantly slower mean and median RTs (315 and 304 ms, respectively) than the younger group (273 and 266 ms, respectively) in both task conditions. There were no age or condition effects on within-subject variability. Both groups showed a trend of increasing RT over the 90 single task trials but when walking only the younger group slowed. These novel findings demonstrate high but sustained attention by older adults when walking. It is proposed that the motor task’s attentional demands might contribute to their slower preferred walking speed.
Phase-Dependent Respiratory-Motor Interactions in Reaction Time Tasks During Rhythmic Voluntary Breathing
Sheng Li, Woo-Hyung Park, and Adam Borg
The study investigated squeezing reaction time (RT) in response to a visual cue during rhythmic voluntary breathing at 0.6 Hz paced by a metronome, breath holding, or at rest in 13 healthy subjects. Rhythmic voluntary breathing slowed down RT, only in the expiratory phase with accompanied changes in the length of respiratory phases, while breath-holding reduced RT. The prolonged RT during voluntary expiratory phases and the absence of changes in RT during voluntary inspiratory phases are most likely related to disproportionally increased cognitive demands during the expiratory phase of voluntary breathing. The absence of changes in RT during voluntary inspiration is likely to be compensated by respiratory-motor facilitation mechanisms in this phase. Shortened RT during breath holding is possibly associated with increased attention.
Reliability of 5 Novel Reaction Time and Cognitive Load Protocols
Kelsey Picha, Carolina Quintana, Amanda Glueck, Matt Hoch, Nicholas R. Heebner, and John P. Abt
In athletic situations, reaction time (RT), or the time it takes one to respond to a stimulus, 1 is crucial to an individual’s ability to protect themselves from opponents and dangers of the sport. Previous research has found that athletes have faster RTs and movements compared with nonathletic
Changes in Choice Reaction Time During and After 8 Days Exhaustive Cycling Are Not Related to Changes in Physical Performance
Twan ten Haaf, Selma van Staveren, Danilo Iannetta, Bart Roelands, Romain Meeusen, Maria F. Piacentini, Carl Foster, Leo Koenderman, Hein A.M. Daanen, and Jos J. de Koning
monitor performance do not fit in an athlete’s training schedule. Therefore, sport scientists search for training monitoring tools that are easy to perform in training practice and are objective, inexpensive, and not demanding. 3 Reaction time is a measurement that fits these requirements and has been
Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Balance and Reaction Time in Elite Judo Athletes
Jose Morales, Carla Ubasart, Mónica Solana-Tramunt, Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña, Luis-Millán González, David Fukuda, and Emerson Franchini
physical aspects concerning performance in judo, include maximum isometric strength, reaction time (RT), and balance. 11 , 12 Few studies have indicated a decrease in maximal isometric strength after RWL in grappling combat sports, 13 , 14 while the majority of studies reviewed did not report significant
