Guided by social cognitive theory (SCT), we investigated whether exercise selfregulatory efficacy beliefs can be activated nonconsciously in individuals experienced and inexperienced in exercise self-regulation, and whether these beliefs are automatically associated with exercise self-regulation processes. The study used a 2 (Exercise Self-Regulation Experience Group) × 3 (Prime Condition) between-subjects design in which individuals experienced and inexperienced in exercise self-regulation were randomly assigned to receive subliminal, supraliminal, or no priming of exercise self-regulatory efficacy beliefs. Participants completed hypothetical diary entries, which were assessed for exercise self-regulatory efficacy and self-regulation expressions using content analyses with a SCT coding system and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis program. For both exercise self-regulation experience groups, self-efficacy priming led to more expressions of low exercise self-regulatory efficacy and dysfunctional exercise self-regulation strategies compared with the control prime. For participants experienced in exercise self-regulation, supraliminal priming (vs. control priming) led to more expressions of high exercise self-regulatory efficacy and functional exercise self-regulation strategies. For the experienced groups, priming led to automaticity of exercise expressions compared with the control condition. For inexperienced participants in the subliminal prime condition, priming led to automaticity of self-regulatory efficacy beliefs and work-related goals compared with the control condition. Automatic activation of exercise self-regulatory efficacy and exercise self-regulation processes suggests that self-regulation of exercise behavior can occur nonconsciously.
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Automaticity of Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Beliefs in Adults With High and Low Experience in Exercise Self-Regulation
Jude Buckley and Linda D. Cameron
The Self-Regulation and Smartphone Usage Model: A Framework to Help Athletes Manage Smartphone Usage
Poppy DesClouds and Natalie Durand-Bush
-Bush, 2021 ). DesClouds et al. ( 2022 ) suggested that self-regulation might buffer the negative implications of athlete smartphone usage (e.g., stress, distraction, disengagement, loneliness) and facilitate positive capabilities through the supplementation of self-regulation processes. Other studies have
“Think Aloud” as a Facilitator of Self-Regulation in Golfers
Phil D.J. Birch, Beth Yeoman, and Amy E. Whitehead
, which in turn facilitates the problem-solving process and improves effectiveness of learning. Given the demands placed on athletes (e.g., Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014 ), self-regulation plays an important role in one’s development when striving for goal attainment ( Jonker et al., 2011 ). Zimmerman and
Self-Compassion and the Self-Regulation of Exercise: Reactions to Recalled Exercise Setbacks
Brittany N. Semenchuk, Shaelyn M. Strachan, and Michelle Fortier
Most Canadians are not active enough ( Colley et al., 2011 ; Statistics Canada, 2016 ) to achieve health benefits ( Lee, Artero, Sui, & Blair, 2010 ). This trend of inactivity may be due, in part, to the self-regulatory effort required to adhere to exercise ( Mermelstein & Revenson, 2013 ). Self-regulation
Self-Regulation and Implicit Attitudes Toward Physical Activity Influence Exercise Behavior
Avelina C. Padin, Charles F. Emery, Michael Vasey, and Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
with more favorable implicit attitudes exercised more on average than those with unfavorable attitudes, even after controlling for forms of explicit attitudes such as affective and instrumental attitudes. Self-Regulation and Implicit Attitudes Effortful control, an important component of self
Are Individuals Who Engage in More Frequent Self-Regulation Less Susceptible to Mental Fatigue?
Kristy Martin, Kevin G. Thompson, Richard Keegan, and Ben Rattray
performance of professional cyclists on the mentally fatiguing cognitive task led us to suggest that professional athletes may possess greater capacity for self-regulation than recreational athletes ( Martin et al., 2016 ). Self-regulation refers to the act of exerting control over one’s behavior and has been
Global Self-Regulation and Outcome Expectations: Influences on Constraint Self-Regulation and Physical Activity
Julie S. Son, Deborah L. Kerstetter, Andrew J. Mowen, and Laura L. Payne
There is a dearth of research conducted on the possible relationship between the global self-regulatory process of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) and leisure-time physical activity. Even less is known about SOC’s relationship to other social-cognitive factors known to influence physical activity. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between global self-regulation, constraint self-regulation, outcome expectations, and leisure-time physical activity with a sample of middle-aged and older adults (N = 271). One of the objectives was to test the interactive effect of global self-regulation and outcome expectations on constraint self-regulation. Another objective was to test the interactive effect of global self-regulation and outcome expectations on multiple measures of leisure-time physical activity. The authors found significant interactions between global self-regulation and outcome expectations for constraint self-regulation and duration of leisure-time physical activity. They discuss these results in terms of their implications for health-promotion programs to increase the leisure-time physical activity of people 50 years of age and older.
The Impact of an Online Sport Psychology Intervention for Middle-Distance Runners: Should Self-Regulation or Mindfulness Be Prioritized?
Jonathan Lasnier and Natalie Durand-Bush
Both self-regulation ( McCormick et al., 2019 ) and mindfulness ( Corbally et al., 2020 ) have been linked to performance enhancement in endurance sports. This is not surprising as endurance athletes require self-regulation to manage their internal experiences and keep progressing toward their
Self-Regulation and Sport Psychology: Nurturing an Emerging Symbiosis
Daniel S. Kirschenbaum
This paper attempts to demonstrate the interdependence of research and theorizing on self-regulation and sport psychology. The process of maximizing sport performance was conceptualized as a self-regulatory problem. A five-stage model of self-regulation was presented to show the usefulness of this perspective. In particular, the model of self-regulation applied to this problem indicates that athletes should: specify their goals, establish commitments to change, manage their physical and social environments to facilitate pursuit of goals, execute the components of self-regulation to achieve goals (self-monitor, self-evaluate, self-consequate), and attempt to generalize changes achieved via the development of obsessive-compulsive styles of self-regulation. Recent findings in the self-regulation literature were reviewed to show how this conceptualization should be refined. Several applications in sport psychology were then described. This analysis supports the conclusion that (a) sport psychology provides an excellent medium for testing principles of self-regulation, and conversely, (b) self-regulatory models and principles can lead to effective interventions in sport psychology.
Thriving, Depleted, and At-Risk Canadian Coaches: Profiles of Psychological Functioning Linked to Self-Regulation and Stress
Kylie McNeill, Natalie Durand-Bush, and Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre
’s psychological functioning ( Mattern & Bauer, 2014 ) and that is amenable to interventions (e.g., Callary & Durand-Bush, 2008 ; Collins & Durand-Bush, 2010 ; Dubuc-Charbonneau & Durand-Bush, 2015 ) is self-regulation. Self-regulation reflects one’s capacity to generate, manage, and adapt one’s thoughts
