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Key Points ▸ Tibial rotation is important for normal knee and ankle function. ▸ Rotational motion at the tibia is rarely quantified in the clinical environment. ▸ Tibial rotation can be quickly and reliably assessed using a smartphone. ▸ Consistency in methodology and device are imperative for

population groups in the United States such as youth, white adults, and African American adults. 11 , 14 – 16 However, little attention has been paid to PIs despite their higher risk of PA-related health problems. In recent years, mobile technologies, especially smartphones, have emerged as a new and

reliable measurements. Thus, the utility of a smartphone application for the evaluation of AJPS may overcome prior technical limitations, as it can provide an accurate, nearly instantaneous, measure of position. Smartphones have been validated as accurate and reliable for joint angular positioning when

-grade accelerometers are expensive and require training of research staff, and outcomes are to an extent dependent on data-reduction strategies. 7 Therefore, the feasibility of using research-grade motion sensors with embedded accelerometers is limited. The latest smartphones include several motion-detecting sensors

their daily activities is vital. Nowadays, health care providers are increasingly using smartphones for medical purposes due to their ubiquity, cost effectiveness, and portability ( Camacho et al., 2014 ). In addition, modern smartphones have built-in sensors that can quantify minute by minute activity

goals. Use of activity tracking devices has increased exponentially in recent years and the research analyzing the accuracy of these devices has followed ( Bort-Roig, Gilson, Puig-Ribera, Contreras, & Trost, 2014 ; Evenson, Goto, & Furberg, 2015 ). The number of Americans using smartphones reached 88

costly, require expertise in analyzing the output data, and lack real-world transferability. Nowadays, the majority of adults carry a smartphone that already contains the hardware that can measure locomotion, with 76% of the U.K. population reporting to own a smartphone in 2018 ( Taylor & Silver, 2019

to autonomously evaluate and track STS performance (and, consequently, lower-extremity function) on a daily basis if they can be validated for this purpose. Smartphones and commercially available IMUs usually include an accelerometer that measures accelerations in three dimensions, a gyroscope that

Key Points ▸ The Clinometer ™ smartphone application is an easy-to-use device across different levels of clinicians. ▸ The Clinometer ™ may be interchangeable with the current gold standard for measuring range of motion. ▸ The Clinometer ™ is an easily accessible range of motion tool that most