media to represent fan engagement since sport fans are consumers in the sport context. Vale and Fernandes ( 2018 ) used the concept of engagement behavior on social media, which includes consuming, contributing, and creating activities, to explore the motivations of sport fans’ engagement behavior on
Search Results
Consumer Engagement on Weibo in a Professional Sport Context: The Case of the Chinese Super League
Yuanyuan Cao, Ziyuan Xu, and Hirotaka Matsuoka
Fostering Life Skills Development in High School and Community Sport: A Comparative Analysis of the Coach’s Role
Christiane Trottier and Sophie Robitaille
The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of coaches’ perceptions of their role in the development of life skills in adolescent athletes in two different sport contexts. Semistructured interviews were held with 24 coaches: 12 coaching high school basketball and 12 coaching community swimming. All coaches followed a holistic, athlete-centered approach. Coaches described the life skills they taught, their motivations, and the strategies they used to foster life skills development in practice. Although some differences between the two contexts were identified, the overall results indicate that all coaches fostered the development of life skills through various teaching and transfer strategies, and that coaches had two main motivations: athletes’ needs and their own values. The main results are discussed in light of the literature on life skills in sport and positive youth development, and in terms of methodological considerations. The study concludes with some practical recommendations for coaches.
Role Commitment and Acceptance in a Sport Context
Mark Eys, Mark R. Beauchamp, Michael Godfrey, Kim Dawson, Todd M. Loughead, and Robert J. Schinke
the sample of participants. A primarily affective basis for role commitment in this project seems very reasonable, given that the sample was derived from Canadian youth and young adults participating in subelite club and intercollegiate sport contexts. These are contexts in which autonomy and choices
Empowerment Through the Sport Context: A Model to Guide Research for Individuals with Disability
Anne Marte Pensgaard and Marit Sorensen
Our purpose is to propose a model of “Empowerment through the sport context” to guide psychosocial research in disability sport. We discuss the concept of empowerment in relation to sport for individuals with disabilities. Expanding upon the work of Hutzler (1990), we include three levels of empowerment (societal, group, and individual level) in our approach. Important moderators are age of onset of disability, gender, and type of disability. Important mediators are (a) at the individual level, achievement goals, identity, and self-efficacy; (b) at the group level, motivational climate, group identity, and collective efficacy; and finally, (c) at the societal level, the cultural context and political efficacy. Several methodological considerations are discussed, and various solutions are suggested. We also discuss the critiques that have emerged in relation to the use of the empowerment concept.
Conceptualizing and Measuring the Attitudinal Loyalty Construct in Recreational Sport Contexts
Se-Hyuk Park and Yong-Man Kim
This paper describes the development of a 20-item instrument for assessing participants' attitudinal loyalty in the contexts of recreational sport activities. Out of 211 participants, 189 provided usable responses to the questionnaire regarding demographics, attitudes toward recreational sport participation, and intention to renew membership. An analysis revealed three factors that formed the subscales for attitudinal loyalty construct: normative, affective, and investment loyalty. All scales had coefficient alpha values of .70 or above. Thus, the analyses confirmed the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire after translation of the items from English into Korean and their adaptation to recreational sport contexts. The matrix of correlations among attitudinal loyalty dimensions indicates that one dimension cannot fully predict another, and that all dimensions must be simultaneously taken into account in describing the attitudinal loyalty construct. The multifaceted nature of attitudinal loyalty construct may prove useful for segmenting the recreational sport market.
Psychological Need Thwarting in the Sport Context: Assessing the Darker Side of Athletic Experience
Kimberley J. Bartholomew, Nikos Ntoumanis, Richard M. Ryan, and Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
Research in self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002) has shown that satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs in sport contexts is associated with enhanced engagement, performance, and well-being. This article outlines the initial development of a multidimensional measure designed to assess psychological need thwarting, an under-studied area of conceptual and practical importance. Study 1 generated a pool of items designed to tap the negative experiential state that occurs when athletes perceive their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness to be actively undermined. Study 2 tested the factorial structure of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. The supported model comprised 3 factors, which represented the hypothesized interrelated dimensions of need thwarting. The model was refined and cross-validated using an independent sample in Study 3. Overall, the psychological need thwarting scale (PNTS) demonstrated good content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as internal consistency and invariance across gender, sport type, competitive level, and competitive experience. The conceptualization of psychological need thwarting is discussed, and suggestions are made regarding the use of the PNTS in research pertaining to the darker side of sport participation.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Fan Engagement: Empirical Evidence From a Professional Sport Context
Masayuki Yoshida, Brian Gordon, Makoto Nakazawa, and Rui Biscaia
In the sport management literature, limited attention has been devoted to the conceptualization and measurement of fan engagement. Two quantitative studies were completed to validate the proposed fan-engagement scale composed of three defining elements (management cooperation, prosocial behavior, and performance tolerance). The results from Study 1 provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the threefactor model of fan engagement. In Study 2, we assess nomological validity by examining the antecedents and consequences of fan engagement and found that team identification and basking in reflected glory played a particularly important role in increasing the three dimensions of fan engagement. Furthermore, the results indicate that performance tolerance has a positive effect on purchase intention. These findings highlight the importance of the sequential relationships between team identification, performance tolerance, and purchase intention.
Self-Talk in a SCUBA Diving Context
Judy L. Van Raalte, Lorraine Wilson, Allen Cornelius, and Britton W. Brewer
( Theodorakis et al., 2008 ). However, research that explores the effects of self-talk on effort, confidence, focus, and performance in adventure-sport contexts with high risk, such as self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving, is lacking. High-risk contexts such as those experienced in the
Sport-For-Development Organizational Hybridity: From Differentiated to Dysfunctional
Katherine Raw, Emma Sherry, and Katie Rowe
of literature, calls have been made for further research into how SFD initiatives function within broader sport contexts, including professional sport ( Hayhurst & Frisby, 2010 ; Rowe et al., 2018 ). Moreover, longitudinal research is needed to understand how such organizations function, evolve
Promoting Para Athlete Activism: Critical Insights From Key Stakeholders in Ireland
Damian Haslett, Javier Monforte, Inhyang Choi, and Brett Smith
Academic literature highlights arguments for and against promoting disability activism through Para sport contexts (see Haslett & Smith, 2020 ). One argument against promoting disability activism is that the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) has been, historically, a source of annoyance
