Social support and negative social interactions have implications for athlete psychological health, with potential to influence the links of stress-related experiences with burnout and well-being over time. Using a longitudinal design, perceived social support and negative social interactions were examined as potential moderators of the temporal stress–burnout and burnout–well-being relationships. American collegiate athletes (N = 465) completed reliable and valid online assessments of study variables at four time points during the competitive season. After controlling for dispositional and conceptually important variables, social support and negative social interactions did not moderate the stress–burnout or burnout–well-being relationships, respectively, but did simultaneously contribute to burnout and well-being across the competitive season. The results showcase the importance of sport-related social perceptions to athlete psychological outcomes over time and inform development of socially driven interventions to improve the psychological health of competitive athletes.
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J. D. DeFreese and Alan L. Smith
Nikki E. Barczak-Scarboro, Emily Kroshus, Brett Pexa, Johna K. Register Mihalik, and J.D. DeFreese
multiplying it by the reported intensity ( Coutts et al., 2004 ). A higher number indicates greater self-report training load. Due to the study starting at the beginning of competitive training, training load was first measured 2 weeks into the study period. Perceived Sport Stress The four-item Perceived
Heidi L. Meehan, Stephen J. Bull, Dan M. Wood, and David V.B. James
The present study explored the experiences of five competitive endurance athletes (1 female, 4 male) diagnosed with the overtraining syndrome (OTS). A multicontextual method of inquiry was used, which first involved a medical examination whereby OTS was diagnosed according to established criteria. In addition, 2 questionnaires were administered: the Athlete Daily Hassle Scale (Albinson & Pearce, 1998) and the Coping Response Inventory (Moos, 1992), and a semistructured interview was conducted. Individual case studies were then developed and cross-case analysis carried out. Findings from the present study illustrate that together with sport stress, nonsport stress appears to make an important contribution to the experience of those athletes diagnosed with the OTS. This finding provides evidence to support anecdotes in previous reports.
Shelby Waldron, J.D. DeFreese, Brian Pietrosimone, Johna Register-Mihalik, and Nikki Barczak
al., 2009 ). In contrast, an association between early specialization and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes (e.g., burnout, amotivation, high levels of sport stress, low social support) has been posited due to a mismatch between sporting demands and youth/adolescent athlete’s motor/sensory, cognitive, and
J.D. DeFreese, Daniel J. Madigan, and Henrik Gustafsson
professionals ( World Health Organization, 2019 ), and the increasing sport stressors and negative psychosocial health experiences noted by both researchers and the media during the COVID-19 pandemic ( DeFreese et al., 2021 ), set the stage to revisit burnout research in sport. Accordingly, as an editorial team
Ben T. Stephenson, Christof A. Leicht, Keith Tolfrey, and Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
in any other scale or total mood disturbance during the study period ( P ≥ .079; Table 2 ). There were significant differences in RESTQ-S scales for total stress, general stress, sport stress, and general recovery. Specifically, total stress and general stress were higher on day 5 than on days 12
Jordan L. Fox, Cody J. O’Grady, and Aaron T. Scanlan
difficult, however, to directly compare our results to past work, 5 , 6 given differences in the samples investigated (water polo and endurance athletes vs basketball players). For example, basketball is an intermittent, court-based team sport stressing anaerobic and aerobic pathways. In this regard
Samuel J. Callaghan, Robert G. Lockie, Walter Yu, Warren A. Andrews, Robert F. Chipchase, and Sophia Nimphius
. The higher injury risk is also associated with overuse as a consequence of the repetitive nature of match play and training, highlighting the importance of bowling workloads (ie, the combination of internal and external sport stressors) in injury prevention. 1 – 3 One of the most common and practical
Victoria McGee and J.D. DeFreese
among athlete perceptions of coach-athlete relationship markers (e.g., closeness, commitment, complementarity) and study outcomes. Finally, exploratory models (i.e., Model 2) were run to test study relationships while accounting for sport stress and motivation. MLM is well-suited for this study because
Hannah Butler-Coyne, Vaithehy Shanmuganathan-Felton, and Jamie Taylor
, & Stanimirovic, 2015 ). Unique emotional “ups and downs,” pressures of competitive sport, stress of daily training, consequences of physical injuries, aging and transition (e.g., leaving and retirement), sport-specific challenges (e.g., team membership, aesthetic determinants) as well as stigma and media
