At 20 years old, Annet Negesa was the top 800-m runner in Uganda. However, as she was attempting to qualify for the 2012 London Olympics, a routine blood draw for doping turned her dream into a nightmare. Her blood was diverted for sex testing based on the assessment of her testosterone level
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Female Testosterone: Contested Terrain
Vikki Krane, Emma Calow, and Brandy Panunti
The Effect of Competition on Salivary Testosterone in Elite Female Athletes
Lisa Dawn Hamilton, Sari M. van Anders, David N. Cox, and Neil V. Watson
The association between androgens and competition in women has been understudied compared with men. The current study examined the link between testosterone (T) and competition in elite female athletes, using a sample of female wrestlers that included athletes competing at both the national and international level. In a repeated-measures design, saliva samples were collected before and after wrestling bouts, with comparable samples of wins and losses, and subsequently analyzed for T. Study results showed a 22% increase in circulating bioavailable T from pre-to postbout, F(1, 12) = 9.71, P = .009. There was no significant difference in T between win or loss outcomes. These findings—showing a link between individual head-to-head competition and T in women—demonstrate that women’s androgenic responses to environmental contexts are dynamic and may be an important factor to address in research on competitive performance.
Exercise-Induced Salivary Hormone Responses to High-Intensity, Self-Paced Running
Diogo V. Leal, Lee Taylor, and John Hough
overreaching. 3 Resting cortisol and testosterone concentrations have been proposed as overreaching/OTS markers, as they provide a ratio of catabolic to anabolic activity. 3 However, their alterations at rest are inconsistent when comparing pre with post periods of overload. 6 , 7 Recently, their acute
Evidence of the Exercise-Hypogonadal Male Condition at the 2011 Kona Ironman World Championships
David R. Hooper, William J. Kraemer, Rebecca L. Stearns, Brian R. Kupchak, Brittanie M. Volk, William H. DuPont, Carl M. Maresh, and Douglas J. Casa
The presence of reduced basal concentrations of testosterone in highly aerobically trained men was first documented by Wheeler et al, 1 who wanted to discover whether endurance running in men produced similar changes in basal hormones as that noted in women. Indeed, it was observed that high
Testosterone: An Unauthorized Biography
Anna Posbergh
By Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis. Harvard University Press , 2019, Cambridge, MA. The stories most dominantly associated with testosterone are riddled with cultural folktales, rely on contentious science, and continue to remain undisputed. This postulation is what prompted critical
Effects of Seasonal Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Strength, Power, and Body Composition in College Swimmers
Michelle S. Rockwell, Madlyn I. Frisard, Janet W. Rankin, Jennifer S. Zabinsky, Ryan P. Mcmillan, Wen You, Kevin P. Davy, and Matthew W. Hulver
beginning the study. Figure 1 —Experimental design. VITD = 5,000 IU of vitamin D 3 ; PTH = parathyroid hormone; fT = free testosterone; tT = total testosterone; SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1; DXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants Male and female
Hormonal Responses and Jump Performance Across a Season in Collegiate Women Basketball Players
Paul E. Luebbers, Matthew J. Andre, Andrew C. Fry, Luke A. Olsen, Keith B. Pfannestiel, and Dimitrije Cabarkapa
A range of physiological responses occurs during acute and chronic exercise, among them changes in testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) concentrations. In humans, T is required for protein synthesis, glycogen replenishment, and preventing protein breakdown, while C works antagonistically to T by
Mental Rehearsal Improves Passing Skill and Stress Resilience in Rugby Players
C. Martyn Beaven, Liam P. Kilduff, and Christian J. Cook
providing a standardized stimulus that can be tailored with sports-specific cues. Early work by Hellhammer et al 12 demonstrated that the presentation of a movie clip could alter mood state and rapidly modulate salivary testosterone levels. There is direct evidence to support the thesis that testosterone
Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Changes in Male and Female Athletes Relative to Training Status
Christian J. Cook, Blair T. Crewther, Liam P. Kilduff, Linda L. Agnew, Phillip Fourie, and Benjamin G. Serpell
Physical exercise can trigger an acute change in circulating androgens, 1 with the magnitude of responsiveness affected by baseline androgen concentration 2 and, potentially, training status. 3 , 4 Testosterone, a steroid hormone from the androgen group, has attracted particular interest in
Basal Serum Cortisol and Testosterone/Cortisol Ratio Are Related to Rate of Na+ Lost During Exercise in Elite Soccer Players
Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda, Jorge Cancino, Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Cristian Pérez-Luco, Sebastian Jannas-Vela, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Juan Del Coso, and Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
, leading to abnormally high [Na + ] in sweat (i.e., >70 mmol/L; Del Coso et al., 2016 ). Notably, in in vitro and animal models, cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) have been reported to regulate the expression of CFTR. Cortisol downregulates CFTR expression ( Laube et al., 2015 ), whereas testosterone
