? How do these worldviews inform present research trends? • Perspectives: Which theories emerged as appropriate for studying youth motivation in sport? What are their commonalities and nuances? What empirical findings cut across theories, highlighting their overlap in sources and outcomes of motivated
Search Results
Youth Sport Motivation and Participation: Paradigms, Perspectives, and Practicalities
Maureen R. Weiss
APAQ at Forty: Publication Trends
Jeffrey J. Martin
al. ( 2015 ) which in turn were based on work by Duncan ( 1989 ) and others (e.g., Johnson & Kittleson, 2000 ; Zhang et al., 2006 ). I established similar coding schemes and procedures as Haegele et al. ( 2015 ) to develop six categories: region and country (e.g., South America and Brazil), theory
Psychosocial Mediators of Physical Activity in a Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial
Beth A. Lewis, LeighAnn H. Forsyth, Bernardine M. Pinto, Beth C. Bock, Mary Roberts, and Bess H. Marcus
Behavioral science theories have been used to develop physical activity interventions; however, little is known as to whether these interventions are effective due to changes in constructs related to these theories. Specifically, if the intervention is successful, does it work for the reasons hypothesized by the theory underlying it? The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of particular theoretical constructs among participants (n = 150) who had been randomly assigned to a physical activity intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory (i.e., tailored group) or to a standard care group. Participants in the tailored group reported greater increases in behavioral processes and self-efficacy from baseline to 3 months than participants in the standard-care group. No between-group differences were found for cognitive processes and decisional balance. This study demonstrates that theory-based physical activity interventions may be effective through changes in particular theoretical constructs.
Hand Motor Control: Maturing an Immature Science
Kelly J. Cole
In the target article Mark Latash has argued that there is but a single bona-fide theory for hand motor control (referent configuration theory). If this is true, and research is often phenomenological, then we must admit that the science of hand motor control is immature. While describing observations under varying conditions is a crucial (but early) stage of the science of any field, it is also true that the key to maturing any science is to vigorously subject extant theories and budding laws to critical experimentation. If competing theories are absent at the present time is it time for scientists to focus their efforts on maturing the science of hand motor control through critical testing of this long-standing theory (and related collections of knowledge such as the uncontrolled manifold)?
Brief Physical Activity-Related Psychosocial Measures: Reliability and Construct Validity
Jordan A. Carlson, James F. Sallis, Nicole Wagner, Karen J. Calfas, Kevin Patrick, Lisa M. Groesz, and Gregory J. Norman
Background:
Psychosocial factors have been related to physical activity (PA) and are used to evaluate mediation in PA interventions.
Methods:
Brief theory-based psychosocial scales were compiled from existing measures and evaluated. Study 1 assessed factor structure and construct validity with self-reported PA and accelerometry in overweight/obese men (N = 441) and women (N = 401). Study 2 assessed 2-week reliability and internal consistency in 49 college students.
Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit in men and women (CFI = .90; RMSEA = .05). Construct validity was supported for change strategies (r = .29–.46), self-efficacy (r = .19–.22) and enjoyment (r = .21–.33) in men and women, and for cons in women (r = –.19 to –.20). PA pros (r = –.02 to .11) and social support (r = –.01 to .12) were not supported for construct validity. Test-retest reliability ICCs ranged from .49–.81. Internal consistency alphas ranged from .55–.90. Reliability was supported for most scales with further testing needed for cons (alphas = .55–.63) and enjoyment (ICC = 49).
Conclusions:
Many of the brief scales demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, while some need further development. The use of these scales could advance research and practice in the promotion of PA.
Dog Ownership, Functional Ability, and Walking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, Kaitlyn Radius, David R. Black, Randall J. Gretebeck, Rosemary Ziemba, and Lawrence T. Glickman
Background:
Regular walking improves overall health and functional ability of older adults, yet most are sedentary. Dog ownership/pet responsibility may increase walking in older adults. Goals of this study were to identify factors that influence older adult walking and compare physical activity, functional ability and psychosocial characteristics by dog ownership status.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, older adults (65−95 years of age, n = 1091) completed and returned questionnaires via postal mail. Measures included: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Physical Functioning Questionnaire and Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire.
Results:
Dog owner/dog walkers (n = 77) reported significantly (P < .05) more total walking, walking frequency, leisure and total physical activity and higher total functional ability than dog owner/nondog walkers (n = 83) and nondog owners (n = 931). Dog owner/nondog walkers reported lower intention and perceived behavioral control and a less positive attitude than dog owner/dog walkers (P < .05).
Conclusions:
Dog owner/dog walkers were significantly different than the nondog walker groups in nearly every study variable. Many dog owners (48.1%) reported walking their dogs regularly and the dog owner/dog walkers participated in nearly 50% more total walking than the 2 nondog walking groups, suggesting that pet obligation may provide a purposeful activity that motivates some older dog owners to walk.
Theory and Social Media in Sport Studies
Gashaw Abeza and Jimmy Sanderson
research methods, and the advancement of theories ( Abeza et al., 2021 ). In this respect, while published research is growing significantly on the subject of social media and sport, a formal articulation on the utilization and development of theories is lacking in the literature. Theory utilization and
Minding the Body: The Evolution of the Psychology of Physical Activity
Steven J. Petruzzello
to this as “secondary ignorance.” What is needed (e.g., alternative theories, methodologies, measurement) is outside of the “box” but since we tend to remain confined in the box, because it’s what we know and is comfortable, we are unaware of what the other options might be. Rather than repeat what
Using Theory to Guide Research: Applications of Constructivist and Social Justice Theories
K. Andrew R. Richards, Kim C. Graber, and Amelia Mays Woods
education environments, Ennis was an educator at heart and was deeply interested in the needs and experiences of school-age children participating in physical education classes. Much of her work was guided by social constructivist and social justice theories that promoted equitable education in which
Institutional Theory in Sport: A Scoping Review
Jonathan Robertson, Mathew Dowling, Marvin Washington, Becca Leopkey, Dana Lee Ellis, and Lee Smith
We can state, without hyperbole, that concepts from the institutional theory perspective have become institutionalized in the sport management literature. Concepts, such as isomorphism, institutionalization, legitimacy, and organizational fields dominate subsequent research in that area. Around the
