was replicated in subfertile men ( D’Aniello et al., 2012 ) and a subgroup of middle-aged men using DAA mixed with nitrate and vitamin D ( Bloomer et al., 2015 ). However, in physically-trained men, taking DAA or a DAA-mixed supplement over 14- or 28-day periods (at 3 g/day or less) when combined with
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Blair Crewther, Konrad Witek, Paweł Draga, Piotr Zmijewski, and Zbigniew Obmiński
Claude Bouchard
mechanisms are ubiquitous in gene functions and pathways, which tends to obscure the effects of DNA variants on metabolism and physiology. Fourth, complex, multifactorial phenotypes, such as exercise-related traits and their trainability, are influenced by polygenic systems. Such systems are defined by
Rebecca M. Hirschhorn, Cassidy Holland, Amy F. Hand, and James M. Mensch
Key Points ▸ Physicians have more positive perceptions of athletic trainers’ skills than previous research has indicated. ▸ Organization and administration continues to be a perceived weakness among the athletic training domains. ▸ Experience working with an athletic trainer did not significantly
Tyler A. Wood, Nicholas E. Grahovec, and Catrina M. Sanfilippo
may be comprised of a coaching staff with access to sports medicine and performance teams consisting of athletic trainers, strength and conditioning specialists, sport psychologists, massage therapists, medical doctors, and registered dietitians. 4 , 5 Esport athletes are subject to various health
Stephanie M. Mazerolle and Chantel Hunter
Key Points ▸ Athletic trainers working in the professional sport setting do experience conflicts in finding work-life balance. ▸ The complexity of the role that the athletic trainer plays in the professional sport setting creates the foundation for conflict and barriers to work-life balance. ▸ Time
Stephanie Mazerolle Singe and James Mensch
Key Points ▸ The work demands of the collegiate athletic trainer can influence their spouse. ▸ Work–life balance is greater when the athletic trainer is not in-season. ▸ Intentional planning and time management are necessary work–life balance strategies needed for the athletic trainer and their
Kristen Couper Schellhase, Emily Tran, Shannon Carmody, Peter Dawry, and L. Colby Mangum
Key Points ▸ Retention was related to support, connections, and security. ▸ Key areas of support included administrator support and having a partner athletic trainer. ▸ Athletic trainers value how they can make an impact on their students/patients. ▸ Feeling secure encourages retention even if job
Stephanie M. Singe, Chloe Tannebaum, and Alexandrya H. Cairns
The collegiate setting is one of the largest employment settings for the athletic trainer and is one of the most studied settings, 1 largely in part to the characterization of being demanding and time consuming. 2 , 3 Athletic trainers who work in the collegiate athletics setting describe an
Riana R. Pryor, Summer Runestad, Bethany A. Chong Gum, Nathan J. Fuller, Moon Kang, and Jennifer J. Beck
Key Points ▸ Nearly two-thirds of California secondary schools do not hire a certified athletic trainer. ▸ Fewer California secondary schools hire an athletic trainer compared to the nationwide average. ▸ Many schools hired nonmedical personnel to provide sports medicine services to student
Cailee E. Welch Bacon, Nydia L. Cabra, Taryn C. Pennington, Lindsey E. Eberman, and Julie M. Cavallario
or unregulated ATs may not be able to determine which skills fall outside their scope or practice or they may work far below the top of their license. Athletic trainers are reliant on state regulatory agencies to delineate the scope of practice of clinicians within the respective state (Table 1