success of interventions to elements such as strong working alliances and active engagement from athletes ( Sharp et al., 2015 ; Tod et al., 2019 ). Other factors, including involvement of coaches, can create an environment conducive to athletes’ engagement and relationship with practitioners ( Henriksen
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William R. Low, Joanne Butt, Paul Freeman, Mike Stoker, and Ian Maynard
Stephen Pack, Monna Arvinen-Barrow, Stacy Winter, and Brian Hemmings
outcomes are influenced by the client–consultant relationship (e.g., Longstaff & Gervis, 2016 ; Petitpas, Giges, & Danish, 1999 ; Sharp, Hodge, & Danish, 2015 ). For example, the working alliance (i.e., the agreement between the client and the consultant regarding shared goals, tasks, and emotional
Lee-Ann Sharp, Ken Hodge, and Steve Danish
The purpose of this investigation was to; (a) examine what experienced SPCs perceived to be the necessary components of the sport psychology consulting relationship, and (b) examine individual contributions of the SPC and client to the consulting relationship. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 10 experienced SPCs (8 male and 2 female, M age = 50.44 years, M years consulting experience = 21.67 years) who held current sport psychology accreditation/certification and who had considerable consulting experience. Following individual interviews, extensive content analysis revealed that the sport psychology consulting relationship was reflective of (a) rapport, (b) respect, (c) trust, (d) a partnership, and (e) a positive impact on the client. Members of the consulting relationship made individual contributions to the relationship; SPCs contributed; (a) honesty, (b) commitment, (c) knowledge and expertise, (d) counseling skills, and (e) professional ethical behavior. With clients contributing; (a) openness to change, (b) honesty, and (c) willingness to work.
Martin J. Turner, Gillian Aspin, Faye F. Didymus, Rory Mack, Peter Olusoga, Andrew G. Wood, and Richard Bennett
-being. Maladaptive schemas underpin view of self and world, leading to psychological distress. Assessment GABCDE conceptualization, development of working alliance, inference chaining, psychometrics. Cognitive conceptualization, development of working alliance, the thought-adjustment sheet, and psychometrics. Case
Fran Longstaff and Misia Gervis
This study examined how practitioners who provide sport psychology support use counseling principles and skills to develop practitioner-athlete relationships. Semistructured interviews were conducted with thirteen competent practitioners (Mean age = 41.2 ± 10.9 years old, five men, eight women). Thematic analysis revealed that the participants used a range of counseling principles to develop practitioner-athlete relationships including: the facilitative conditions, self-disclosure, counseling skills, the formation of working alliances, and awareness of the unreal relationship. The participants also described using noncounseling strategies (e.g., gaining an understanding of the athlete’s sporting environment) to build relationships with their athletes. There was considerable variation between the participants both in the training that they had received in counseling principles and skills, and how they applied them. It was concluded that counseling principles and skills play a significant role in the development of practitioner-athlete relationships.
Andrew Powell
validated tools, with four measures most commonly used in related research: California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale, Helping Alliance Questionnaires, Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale, and Working Alliance Inventory ( Horvath et al., 2011 ). Since an initial meta-analysis by Horvath and Symonds ( 1991
Johan Ekengren
original writing, and becomes even clearer in this new edition, is the centrality of developing sound therapeutic relationships, or working alliances, with clients. Together with added insightful reflections and new references, the 21st anniversary edition will continue to guide readers on their journeys
Rory Mack, Jeff Breckon, Joanne Butt, and Ian Maynard
discipline is greater clarity on how to cultivate and maintain these working alliances, beyond broad descriptions of rapport building and verbal and nonverbal communication. In this regard, repeated recommendations have been made for sport psychology to learn from wider disciplines within psychology
David Price, Christopher R.D. Wagstaff, and Richard C. Thelwell
, I would also consider that my practice incorporates elements of the humanistic school of applied psychology, specifically the relational components of person-centered therapy (PCT). In person-centered therapy, practitioners place emphasis on the working alliance and suggest that the three core
Artur Poczwardowski, Mark Aoyagi, Thomas Fritze, and Mark Laird
and Sherman ( 2011 ) reported content-analyzed qualitative data from individual interviews on making contact, working alliance, and goodness of fit (as both directly built on the concept of gaining entry). Nevertheless, extensive explorations exclusively addressing gaining entry as a vital aspect of
