Research on positive youth development (PYD) through sport has provided valuable insight on how youth sport coaches’ may facilitate positive developmental outcomes such as leadership, respect, and teamwork ( Lacroix, Camiré, & Trudel, 2008 ; Trottier & Robitaille, 2014 ). Several descriptive and
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Research on Positive Youth Development-focused Coach Education Programs: Future Pathways and Applications
Fernando Santos, Daniel Gould, and Leisha Strachan
Identifying Physical Activity Determinants in Youth with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Chien-Yu Pan and Georgia C. Frey
Background:
Youth age, parent modeling and support, and time spent in sedentary pursuits influence physical activity (PA) in youth without disabilities, but have not been explored in youth with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, these were selected as variables of interest to examine as PA determinants in this population.
Methods:
Parents (n = 48) and youth (n = 30) wore an accelerometer for 7 d and parents completed a PA support questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of selected variables on youth PA.
Results:
Youth age (r22 = -0.59, P < 0.01) and sedentary pursuits (r22 = -0.47, P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with and accounted for 30% and 13% of the variance in youth PA, respectively. Parent variables did not significantly contribute to the explained variance.
Conclusion:
Contrary to findings in youth without disabilities, parent PA and support were not predictors of PA in youth with ASD.
“What if I Get Injured?”: An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach for Fear of Injury With a Semielite Youth Snowboarder
David Price, Christopher R.D. Wagstaff, and Richard C. Thelwell
individual clients from a range of different sports (i.e., Deaf Soccer, Ice Hockey, 50-m Prone Shooting, Snowboarding) and ages (i.e., youth, adult). Service Delivery Philosophy It has been acknowledged by scholars and practitioners ( Poczwardowski et al., 2004 ) that the development and understanding of one
Application of the Multi-Process Action Control Model to Predict Physical Activity During Late Adolescence
Matthew Y.W. Kwan, Denver M.Y. Brown, Pallavi Dutta, Imran Haider, John Cairney, and Ryan E. Rhodes
physical activity during the broader youth period have focused on social cognitive theories such as Theory of Planned Behavior ( Ajzen, 2012 ) and Social Cognitive Theory ( Bandura, 1986 ). These theories suggest that behavior is largely a function of an evaluation of expected behavioral outcomes and the
The National Youth Soccer License: The Historical Reflections, Evaluation of Coaching Efficacy and Lessons Learned
Ronald W. Quinn, Sheri Huckleberry, and Sam Snow
Coaching education has been part of the United States soccer landscape for over 40 years. However, the education of youth soccer coaches is a recent phenomenon. The purpose of this study was threefold: a) to provide contextual reflections of the USSF National Youth Coaching License (NYL); b) to share the impact of the course on coaching efficacy; and 3) to critically discuss the implications of the lessons learned through these reflections and research on the design of quality coach education for youth sport coaches. The statistical evidence in conjunction with reflective comments demonstrate that The Game in the Child model and the NYL curriculum provide the contextual framework for an effective L-S coaching education program.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Social Support on Youth Physical Activity Behavior
Pedro Silva, Ryan Lott, Jorge Mota, and Greg Welk
Social support (SS) from parents and peers are key reinforcing factors in the Youth Physical Activity Promotion (YPAP) model. This study aims to identify the relative contribution of parental and peer SS on youth participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants included 203 high school students (n = 125 girls; mean age 14.99 ± 1.55 years). MVPA was assessed by accelerometry. SS influences were evaluated using a well-established scale. Structural equation modeling measured (AMOS, Version 19) the relative fit of the YPAP models using both parental and peer SS. Parental SS had significant associations with both predisposing factors, enjoyment (β = .62, p < .01), and self-efficacy (β= .32, p < .01), as well a direct effect on MVPA (β = .30, p < .01). Peer SS had direct effect on MVPA (β = .33, p < .05), also significantly influenced levels of enjoyment (β = .47, p < .01) and self-efficacy (β = .67, p < .01). In both models self-efficacy mediated the influence on MVPA. The direct effects for parents and peers were similar. This demonstrates that both parental and peer social support exert a strong influence on adolescent MVPA.
Independent and Combined Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Brazilian Youth
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann, Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann, and Pedro C. Hallal
Background:
The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and combined influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat (% fat) on total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP) in male and female youth.
Methods:
1442 (721 girls) children and adolescents aged 7–12 years were randomly selected. CRF, BMI, % fat (predictor variables), TC, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; outcome variables) were measured. Using standardized cut-off points, we created categories for each variable. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to test the independent influence of predictors on outcomes.
Results:
The prevalence of increased TC, SBP, and DBP were 34.4% (95% CI 31.9–37.0), 9.1% (95% CI 7.5–10.6), and 15.5% (95% CI 13.5–17.4), respectively. In multivariable analyses, CRF was a significant predictor of all outcome variables (P < .05). BMI was associated with SBP and DBP (P < .05) and % fat was associated only with SBP (P < .05). CRF had stronger associations with TC than BMI, whereas the opposite was observed for SBP and DBP.
Conclusions:
CRF and BMI are independently associated to TC and BP in male and female youth, and individuals unfit/overweight have greater likelihood of presenting these risk factors.
Contribution of the School Environment to Physical Fitness in Children and Youth
Inas Rashad Kelly, Mary Ann Phillips, Michelle Revels, and Dawud Ujamaa
Background:
This study analyzed the effect of school practices regarding the provision of physical education (PE) on the physical fitness of children and youth.
Methods:
Using an untapped sample of approximately 5000 5th and 7th graders from 93 schools in Georgia in 2006, individual-level and merged school-level data on physical education were analyzed. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to estimate the potential influence of the school environment on measured health outcomes. Controls were included for grade, gender, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and county of residence.
Results:
Variables measuring 8 school-level practices pertaining to physical education were found to have significant effects on cardiovascular fitness as measured by the FitnessGram, with signs in the expected direction. These variables, combined with demographic variables, explained 29.73% of the variation in the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run but only 4.53% of the variation in the body mass index.
Conclusions:
School-level variables pertaining to PE practices were collectively strong predictors of physical fitness, particularly cardiovascular fitness. Schools that adopt these policies will likely encourage favorable physical activity habits that may last into adulthood. Future research should examine the causal relationships among physical education practices, physical activity, and health outcomes.
Reducing Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Overweight and Obese Hispanic Adolescents Through a Family-Based Intervention
Tatiana Perrino, Ahnalee M. Brincks, Yannine Estrada, Sarah E. Messiah, and Guillermo Prado
reduced health-related quality of life. 3 – 7 In the US, adolescents engage in substantial levels of sedentary behaviors and screen time, with over 20% of youth watching 3 or more daily hours of television and 43% playing video games or using computers or screens for 3 or more hours daily. 8 With almost
Supporting Mental Health in Youth Sport: Introducing a Toolkit for Coaches, Clubs, and Organisations
Courtney C. Walton, Serena Carberry, Michael Wilson, Rosemary Purcell, Lisa Olive, Stewart Vella, and Simon Rice
increased risk of death by suicide ( Bilsen, 2018 ), mental health disorders in youth have been associated with a range of poorer psychosocial and health outcomes in adulthood ( Clayborne et al., 2019 ; Wickersham et al., 2021 ). Thus, early intervention is crucial to prevent chronic mental health
